FOOD TIMELINE QUESTIONS March 1999-January 31, 2015 This is the complete catalog of questions answered by the FT reference & research service. Most of our work is not (yet) uploaded to the Internet. Online answers(FAQ) may be accessed here: http://www.foodtimeline.org/foodfaqindex.html How to read this catalog: question, [number of times asked] date answered. Our answers stored in paper files and/or electronic format. If you need anything from this catalog let us know. If you don't see the answer to your question, send it in. We love new challenges. Service is FREE and welcomes everyone! Lynne Olver, creator and inaugural editor The Food Timeline ************************ Prehistoric foods [9] 2003.10.28 First cooks? FAQ Prehistoric (happy meal) [2] 2003.09.09 Prehistoric (how did people know what they could eat) 2003.10.28 FAQ Babylonia/Mesopotamia (including Ur Uruk period) [13] FAQ Bible/Old Testament--see: religion & food Ancient Hebrews --see: religion & food Ancient Egypt (Cleopatra & Pharoah feasts) [9] FAQ Minoans, Crete (2900BC-1200BC) [3] 2004.06.06 Ancient Greece [7] 2004.04.14 FAQ sources for elementary/middle school modernized feast 2014.01.17 Celts--Iron Age [9] 2004.04.10 FAQ Confucius' period (551BC-479BC)--feasts, foods & philosophy--see: religion & food Alexander the Great (330BC) [4] 2003.07.18 Byzantine foods & cooking utensils [3] 2003.05.27 Hannibal's foods 2004.10.02 Phonecian food (200BC) 2003.09.11 Bible/New Testament-Jesus--see: religion & food 1st century--beverages 2005.02.19 0-100CE --banquets 2002.04.10 Ancient Roman foods [11] 2004.05.04 Colleseum foods 2006.05.25 FAQ cooks & chefs 2005.05.22 soldier/legionnaire foods FAQ Roman Britain [3] 2004.07.26 Roman-Byzantine Jerusalem 2004.09.15 4th century foods 2001.10.29 4th century Visigoths 2006.05.23 5th century St. George's food (UK & Byzantium) 2005.04.03 6th century Iron Age Denmark (Beowulf) [3] 2004.09.23 + Prehistoric Cooking/Jacqui Wood 6th-10th century Anglo-Saxon Britain/King Arthur [9] FAQ 8th-10th century Viking Scandinavia [2] 2012.01.06 FAQ Viking cattle 2004.01.17 Vikings food preservation methods--see: preservation of food 11-13th century Norman foods [3] FAQ Barbarian/Vandals (early middle ages) 2003.12.07 Medieval foods [48] FAQ Medieval foods-disease & sanitation 2004.02.29 Medieval foods-experts 2003.01.31 Medieval foods-supply & distribution/trade [2] 2004.01.20 Medieval Germany 2006.02.03 Medieval German markets 2005.01.29 Medieval Spain (Catalonia, Andalusia) 2013.07.27 925AD Bohemia (St. Wenceslaus) 2006.12.21 900-1400 Spain [Moorish influence] [3] 2004.11.24 900-1450 West Africa 2014.01.24 1100-1400AD-Japan (feudal) 2002.08.05 1100-1600 Europe 2003.03.13 1144-1150 Second Crusade [3] 2006.02.02 1200-1400 Constantinople/Byzantine Empire 2003.11.01 12th century England--see: literature & food--Robin Hood 12th century France 2004.09.19 13th century Mongolia (Genghis Kahn) 2009.06.11 13th century Venice 2008.07.25 14th century foods 2003.02.14 14th century France 2010.07.15 14th century Italy [3] 2009.11.11 14th century Wales 2004.10.19 15th century foods 2003.02.13 15th century Spain (desserts) [2] 2004.11.16 15th century Spain (Queen Isabella, see also: Medieval Spain) [4] 2003.07.16 15th century Turkey (Ottoman Empire) [2] 2004.10.28 Pre-Columbus Italy 2003.12.19 Columbian Exchange (basic) [6] 2004.02.15 Renaissance Italy 2003.04.20 16th century China (Ming Dynasty) 2010.02.02 16th century foods 2000.09.12 16th century France [4] 2003.12.03 16th century Germany [4] (aka Martin Luther) [2] 2004.05.11 16th century--peasant food 2002.12.09 16th century--Scotland (research sources) [3] 2011.12.31 16th century--UK Navy/sailor food (Drake, Mary Rose) [2] 2009.02.14 FAQ Shakespeare's/Tudor/Elizabethan food (incl. Romeo & Juliet's banquet) [75] FAQ Globe Theatre 2002.05.05 FAQ MacBeth--send: Anglo Saxon/Norman foods; recipes from Tastes of Anglo Saxon England Merry Wives of Windsor reception-- ("kissing comfits") FAQ --Laura Mason/Prehistory & pumpkin pie (FAQ) Scales for weighing food 2004.01.25 Spices 2004.03.10 17th century Barbados (Irish slaves) 2004.10.14 17th century Baroque Christmas feast (England & Germany) [3]FAQ 17th century food (1618-1645) 2001.08.13 17th century France Louis XIV [4] FAQ 17th century France (La Varenne) [2] 2003.03.24 17th century Germany (Bach) [3] 2006.01.28 17th century Italy [2] 2007.02.07 17th century Jamestown VA [8] 2004.02.12 17th century London (Samuel Pepys) 2004.09.06 17th century London--easy dessert suggestions 2004.09.16 17th century Mexico (& Central America) 2007.07.15 17th century Netherlands [3] 2003.08.25 17th century Netherlands, Leiden (Pilgrim/Puritan) [2] 2004.10.07 17th century Plimoth [1621 Thanksgiving] [2] 2003.11.11 17th century Plimoth, cookbook 2004.01.26 17th century Rhode Island, Newport, taverns & public houses 2009.08.12 17th century Spain [6] 2004.10.08 17th century UK, military rations 2008.06.23 1640s, France (pastries/desserts) 2006.09.28 1655, England, poor people 2004.07.16 1690s, Salem MA [7] FAQ 17th-18th century New France 2003.03.21 17th-19th century, Easter Foods in America 2002.12.15 18th century England--banquet menu 2003.07.25 18th century Europe--recipes 2003.02.24 18th century Italy 2006.07.04 18th century sailor foods [4] 2003.10.03 18th century Scotland [2] 2006.10.21 18th century slave ship subsistence 2006.10.11 18th century Vienna 2005.01.11 Colonial America [37] FAQ Colonial America--cleaning pots & pans (methods/substances) 2011.02.16 Colonial America--confectioners [2] 2008.11.12 Colonial America--diet & nutrition 2005.10.17 FAQ 1712--English bill of fare 2010;07.19 1726 dessert (Jonathan Swift) 2003.08.03 1750s, France (Louis XV menus) 2006.05.08 FAQ 1750-1770--Kentucky longhunters (Daniel Boone) 2003.09.08 1750-1830--Industrial Revolution foods (Britian) 2004.06.20 1754-1763--French & Indian War (aka Seven Years War) 2006.11.16 1760-1800--English aristocracy foods 2003.05.12 Revolutionary War--American military rations FAQ Revolutionary War--British military rations FAQ Revolutionary War--Hessian military rations 2012.01.05 1776, Philadelphia--original July 4th menu [3] 2003.06.22 1776-1800--Colonial American dinner menus, upper middle class [2] 2006.05.12 FAQ 1780-1800--new foods introduced to America (Jefferson) 2007.10.26 1787--Constitutional Convention menus [5] 2005.09.01 1789-1810--French Revolution foods [23] FAQ 1798-1832--Romantic era England--see: literature-Austen 19th century America--popular foods 2002.11.20 19th century America--easy to make foods 2003.05.10 19th century beef recipes--for cookoff 2003.06.23 19th century desserts (American) 2003.06.23 19th century France [2] 2004.03.10 19th century France, easy noble dish 2006.05.21 19th century school lunch--see: lunch 19th century Spain 2005.12.30 19th century-Victorian drinks 2004.02.01 19th century-Victorian foods [28] FAQ 19th century-Victorian foods, Spanish & Italian influence 2006.09.21 1800--Napoleon's foods [7] 2003.11.21 FAQ 1803, Lewis & Clark [3] 2003.03.10 FAQ 1805, Trafalgar [7] 2005.02.10 1812, American soldier mess, Michigan [2] 2008.06.13 1812, Baltimore average family fare--send MD pages from 13 Colonies Cookbook/Donovan 1812, British soldier rations, Ft. York [3] 2005.01.31 1812, Wedding meal (Cornish) 2009.09.24 1814, Washington DC, White House, Madison, banquet 2013.12.09 1820s-1880s--Erie Canal 2008.09.27 1830-1840--Ohio 2006.04.12 1830s-1890s--Industrial revolution/U.S. food manufacturers 2004.06.26 1840s-London-popular fruits 2005.05.11 1840s London Christmas dinner 2002.12.05 1840s-Gold rush [4] 2004.02.18--FAQ 1840s-Gold rush California-food prices 2004.05.13 FAQ 1840s-1870s Oregon Trail/pioneer foods [8] FAQ 1840s-1850s--Whaling Ship foodways [2] 2011.09.04 1850s-Gold Rush Ballarat Victoria Australia-food prices 2011.09.02 1850s-Mountain Men (give Lewis & Clark) 1852-1899-Post famine Ireland 2012.10.24 1854--Gold rush-grand hotel menu 2004.02.20 1850s Missouri--see countries: United States 1859--Randolph M. Marcy provisions 2004.05.31 1859--San Juan Islands (Pig War) 2004.08.09 1860-1890-France 2003.11.23 1860s-Canada, Northwest Territories 2007.09.15 1860s-Pony Express rider meals 2011.03.30 FAQ 1860s-present day--how American foods have changed [2] 2004.02.27 1861-1865 American Civil War foods [11] FAQ mortality/death from poor nutrition 2010.11.17 period serving ware (plates, cups etc.) 2008.05.13 1861-1900 Cowboy cooking [7] FAQ 1850-1890--ship crew meal 2003.02.27 1867 Connecticut 2004.11.24 1870-1 Paris--zoo animals as food--see: zoo animals as food 1876-1879--dinner menus 2003.11.05 1876--Centennial Exhibition/Philadelphia 2004.04.20 (see also: fair food) 1877 recipes 2003.04.15 1880s--London hotel menus 2010.10.15 [Book: Fortune, Fame & Folly, British Hotels and Catering (menus)] 1886--International Exhibition of Industry & Science/Edinburgh 2007.12.04 1889--Universal Exposition, Paris see: World's fairs 1890s--London theatre suppers 2008.09.12 1893--Columbian Exibition/Chicago [4] 2004.08.11 FAQ (restaurants/concessions) 1898--Spanish-American War, soldier rations 2008.08.21 1900--restaurant menus 2003.02.25 1900--Canadian menus 2003.04.14 1900--Canada wealthy vs poor dinners 2007.05.02 1900---France 2003.01.21 Exposition Universelle, Paris see: World's Fair's 1900-1909--see: holidays New Years Menus 1900-1910--U.S. [3] 2004.08.06 1900-1917--U.S. [2] 2004.02.03 1900-2000--how has food changed? [3] 2005.09.11 1902 2002.02.10 1902 UK 2003.10.19 1903 foods (teaching tools) 2003.12.04 1903 UK (early Edwardian foods/menus) [4] 2003.02.07 1903 New Zealand 2003.09.08 1903 Pensacola FL church supper 2003.07.31 1903 seaside fare 2003.07.10 1904 St. Louis Exposition foods [5] 2004.03.14 1904 menu, Rochester NY [2] 2004.05.10 1905 Panama canal laborers 2008.04.17 1906 San Francisco menus 2005.04.21 1908 menus 2002.01.21 1908 new food introductions 2008.01.03 1910s (popular American foods, new products & recipes) [4] 2005.03.05 1910-1912 Wedding menus [2] 2006.06.27 1913 (50th reunion, Civil War, Gettysburg)"Await Veteran Hosts," Washington Post, June 23, 1913 p. 4 1914 Oregon (recipes, menus)--see: countries, USA, Oregon 1915 2002.08.17 1914-1918 (French civilian foods) 2010.03.04 1914-1918 (German civilian foods) [3] 2004.12.29 1914-1918 (Italian soldier foods) [3] 2004.04.10 1914-1918 (UK soldier trench foods) 2005.04.13 1914-1918 (USA soldier foods) [8] 2004.03.08 1916 (popular USA commerical foods still available today 2011.06.22 1917 (Boston) [2] 2003.03.13 1918 (Alabama rural) 2004.09.19 1920s FAQ 1920s Cocoanut Grove restaurant, Los Angeles [2] 2005.04.16 1920s foods (Chicago area) 2003.08.29 1920s foods (New Orleans) 2005.04.10 1920s Paris cafes--see: restaurants 1920s-1930s--Dietary recommendations (USA) 2009.05.25 1920s-30s (Harlem Renaissance) [2] 2005.02.02 1920s-30s British family meals [10] 2002.10.10 1924, Alaska (canned foods) 2005.07.14 1925, British train first class passenger food (Murder Mystery) [4] 2004.01.08 1930s [20] FAQ 1930s, Alcatraz, civilian/employee foods 2007.09.23 1930s, California (Grapes of Wrath) 2005.09.14 1930s, Capone/Chicago--see: Famous people 1930s, Civilian Conservation Corps 2007.07.09 1930s, Cocktails--see: alcoholic beverages-cocktails 1930s, France 2008.01.26 1930s, France, Paris, "gourmet" home meals 2013.08.27 1939s, Germany, bread 2010.08.04 1930s, Girl Scout recipes 2005.11.30 1930s, southern states 2004.10.29 1930s-1940s, Big Band era black tie menus 2008.07.23 1930s-1940s (Germany, rationing, food supply, prices) [4] 2009.02.19 1935, popular American candies & soft drinks (brands) 2009.12.3 FAQ 1940s [24] FAQ 1940s alcohol in United States 2003.08.22 1940s--prepackaged foods 1940s--Netherlands/Holland--see: Famous people-Anne Frank 1940s--present (UK) how has our diet changed 2005.07.07 1941-1944 (new foods, United States) 2005.04.11 1943 recipes-England 2003.07.23 1942-5 (WW II corporate food company contributions) 2003.10.01 FAQ 1942-1945 (WW II USA canteens) 2009.06.08 FAQ 1942-1955 (WW II UK soldier food) 2006.06.15 FAQ 1942-5 (WW II US soldier food) 2003.09.21 FAQ 1942-1945 (popular American herbs & spices) 2006.04.03 1942-5 (WW II UK foods/rationing) [2] 2006.04.07 1946-1964 (baby boomers) 2002.10.23 1946--present Australian/ New Zealand foods [4] 2010.06.18 1950s [26] FAQ 1950s--barbecue foods [1] FAQ 1950s--Black-American cuisine 2007.10.11 1950s--convenience foods [2] 2005.11.30 1950s-1960s hors d'oeuvres (party) 2002.12.22 1950s-present--how foods/cooking methods have changed? [5] 2004.07.12 1950s-present--nutritional recommendations vs consumer choice 2008.11.6 1953 (popular brands) [2] FAQ 1953--UK--street parties (Queen Elizabeth II coronation celebrations) 2006.04.08 1954-dinner menu 2003.10.29 1955 (popular foods) [4] 2005.01. 1956 (popular products) 2006.01.07 1957 (popular products) 2007.03.09 1958 (popular products) 2008.06.11 1960s [22] FAQ 1960s Christmas Dinner, President Kennedy 2003.05.24 1960s, Japanese foods & dishes, Los Angeles USA 2013.03.28 1961 2003.07.22 1962--popular foods 2004.05.18 1962--exotic fruits (Frieda's+) 2008.11.14 (see articles in file) 1964--popular foods [6] FAQ 1964-1964--NY World's Fair, African Pavilion Tree House restaurant recipes (read: African Cookbook/Bea Sandler) 1965--popular/new foods 2005.03.31 1966 2006.07.24 1967 [3] 2004.11.04 Snack foods/football fare 2012.10.12 1969--Apollo 11 2006.01.24 FAQ 1970s [12] FAQ 1980s [11] FAQ 1990s (new foods) [19] 2004.04.27 FAQ 2000-2010 FAQ general trends 2012.08.31 new foods [5] 2008.02.10 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1234 cake--see: cakes 86'd--see: eighty sixed A.P. cookies--see: cookies, Apee A la carte--see: menus A la mode (ice cream) 2009.06.07 A-1 sauce--see: sauce Abbesses--see: Lisbon Cakes Abood Ice Cream Co.--see: ice cream Acton, Eliza 2004.01.02 Adobo [3] 2003.09.22 Accidental foods (foods discovered by accident) [2] 2005.10.17 Acid (fruit beverage made with tartar) 2006.05.30 Acid alkaline properties of foods--see: Ph of foods Ackee [2] 2007.02.26 Acorn squash--see: squash Acorns--see: nuts Adolph's Meat Tenderizer--see: meats-tenderizers Advertising of food 2005.10.15 Aga cookstoves 2008.09.23 Agar--see: algae Agave [2] 2008.03.23 Agriculture origins & history 2001.09.04 urban farming in the USA 2013.04.21 FAQ Aioli [2] 2011.02.26 FAQ Airline chicken--see: chicken Airline food--see: inflight catering Akara (Yoruba bean cakes) 2006.11.02 Albondigas [4] 2005.01.05 Alcohol [distilled spirits, wine & beer] [2] 2003.07.11 1940s United States 2003.08.22 Cooking with wine--see: wine Whiskey prices--see: food prices Windsor Supreme Canadia whiskey 2010.02.25 Alcoholic beverages see also: beer Bloody Caesar cocktail 2003.12.14 Bloody Mary cocktail 2003.12.14 Boo Snookers [USA, 1930s & 1940s] NOT FOUND Cocktails--how named, first one 2013.08.17 FAQ Cocktails, popular, US 1920-2004 2004.09.24 Cocktails, 1930s 2009.12.25 (paper only, add recently acquired books) Cocktails, 1940s 2005.12.17 FAQ Cocktails, 1950s [6] 2005.11.17 FAQ Cocktails, 1960s [2] 2007.10.20 FAQs (foodfaq7) 1969 2014.04.12 FAQ Cordials 2009.04.30 FAQ Dessert ingredients 2.17.2006 French 75 2013.12 FAQ Gordon water (Gordon's water) gin 2013.11.27 Happy Hour 2013.11 FAQ Mint juleps 2012.02.06 FAQ Mobby (aka Maubey, maubi, mabi) 2009.06.07 FAQ Prices during Prohibition--see: food prices FAQ Punch (rum, fishhouse) [2] 2006.11.03 FAQ Sangria 2005.12.10 FAQ Shrub (colonial American) [3] 2003.11.18 FAQ Stork club cocktails FAQ Tango [vodka & orange flavor, commercial product] 2014.02.28 Tom & Jerry (midwestern wassail) 2006.11.28 Trader Vic's cocktails FAQ Wassail 2014.12 FAQ Ale yeast--see: yeast Alegrias (sweet street food made from popped amaranth seeds)--see: amaranth Alfajores--see: cookies Algae [4] (includes Korean seaweed soup) 2005.10.23 agar (aka agar-agar) 2010.02.17 spirulina (aka Aztec tecuitlatl) 2012.08.22 Algonquin--see: Native Americans Alice's Restaurant--see: restaurants Allemande sauce--see: sauces Allen, Ida Cogswell Bailey 2001.12.11 All-purpose flour--see: flour Allspice 2004.01.14 Almond Cluster--see: candy Almond cookies (Chinese)--see:cookies Almond paste cookies/pine nut cookies--see:cookies Almond tile cookies--see:cookies Almonds--see: nuts Almonds, sugared--see: candy Alone, dining 2005.01.31 Alphabet soup--see: soups Alphabites (Birdseye--UK) 2004.07.17 Alpine White--see: candy Amalgamation cake--see: cake Amandine--see: casseroles-green bean amandine Amaranth [5] 2005.07.18 Amasi (South African fermented milk)--see: yogurt Amazo pudding mix--see: puddings Ambient foods 2005.09.29 Ambrosia [9] FAQ American cheese--see: cheese American chop suey (see also: Chinese pie) [3] 2005.04.25 American foods (popular) from other countries 2003.09.05 American Menu Maker 2005.03.03 Americanization of ethnic foods 2005.04.29 Ammonia cookies--see: cookies Ammonium carbonate--see: ammonia cookies FAQ Amuse-bouche [2] 2004.01.15 FAQ Anchovies [British cooking] 2005.03.03 Ancient Roman foods 2002.05.16 Angel food--see: cake Angel pie--see: pie Angels on Horseback--see: oysters Anginette--see: cookies Animal crackers--see: cookies Anisazi food--see: Pueblo food Anise, Aniseed 2006.05.18 Ann Page (brand name) 2006.01.14 Anne of Green Gables (food/menus) 2004.14.03 Answer cake--see: cakes Anthimus 2003.01.28 Antipasto--see: appetizers Ants on a log [4] FAQ Apache--see: Native Americans Aphrodesiac foods [3] 2006.01.30 Apios (Peruvian tuber) 2013.09.14 Appam--see: pancakes Appetizers & hors d'oeuvres [15] FAQ 19th century USA 1008.09.16 Antipasto (appetizer) FAQ Heavy Hor's D'oeurvres (finger food) 2007.07.11 Pu pu platters 2005.11.21 Tapas 2004.05.11 Victorian [2] FAQ Apple butter--see: apples Apple crisp--see: pies Applejack--see:cookies Apples [3] 2004.04.03 FAQ & cinnamon, sugar, flour, butter... 2000.02.05 apple butter [10] FAQ Apple Day celebration, Julian CA--see: countries, USA, California apple dumplings--see: dumplings apple sauce [3] FAQ Apple Tru (canned product for making pies) 2008.02.28 baked apples 2011.09.09 bobbing & dunking games 2004.11.18 camel (toffee, candied)--see:candy cder 2009.02.17 Cox (UK variety) 2006.09.22 dried 2004.07.01 Fireside (Minnesota) 2005.09.20 fried [2] 2004.06.09 fried apples with chicken (Appalachia) 2003.07.10 pancakes (German)--see: pancakes pie---see: pie rings 2001.06.06 Tansey (how cooked in colonial days) 2004.05.24 Apollo Candy--see: candy Apricots 2007.01.26 Aquavit [2] 2004.05.11 Aramanth 2010.02.22 Aratex (confectioners' ingredient) 2009.01.07 Arawak--see: Native Americans Arepa--see: corn Arikara--see: Native Americans Armadillo cak--see: cakes Army & Navy--see: candies Arnold Palmer (beverage, half ice tea-half lemonade) 2005.04.11 Around the World in 80 Days--see: literature & food Arrack (aka arak, raki, alcoholic beverage) 2006.06.20 Arroz de Leche--see: pudding-rice Arroz con Polo--see: chicken Art & food (lesson plans, sources for study) [2] 2005.01.08 Artichokes [2] 2003.07.31 FAQ Chinese artichoke--see: crosne Jerusalem artichoke FAQ Artisan breads--see: breads Artist's foods--see:famous people Arugula--see: Rocket Asiago--see: cheese Asian cuisine, USA, most popular--see: Countries, USA Asado (Argentina) 2005.08.20 Ashkenazi cuisine--see: religion and food, Jewish Asparagus [2] 2005.04.15 FAQ Asparagus & aparagus torte 2001.10.14 Asparagus--superstition/mythology 2005.06.02 Massachusetts 2014.03.02 Aspic/glazing [3] 2003.10.13 Atole [2] 2006.01.15 Au gratin [7] 2004.04.26 Au jus sauce--see: sauce 2002.09.04 Aubergine--see: eggplant Aumoniere 2006.09.28 Aunt Sammy 2001.12.11 Australian meat pies--see: pies Automats--see:restaurants Avgolemono--see: soups Avocados [7] FAQ (guacamole) Great Britain (introduction) 2004.10.14 Great Britain (recipes, circa 1960s) 2008.02.29 Japan 2009.07 (see also california roll FAQ) Avoset (canned cream/milk product) 2008.04.27 Aztec civilization [6] FAQ Chilis--see: peppers Chinampas (floating gardens) 2011.04.18 Dogs in Aztec cuisine see:--dogs Aztec fruit--see: white sapote Baba [4] 2004.09.23 Baba ghanoush [2] 2004.05.19 Babka--see: baba Baby back ribs--see:pork Baby food & infant formula [5] 2004.07.04 FAQ Ancient feeding devices (bottles) 2007.03.16 baby food prices--see: food prices Enfamil (Meade Johnson)& Similac (M&R Laboratories, Ross Laboratories, Abbott Labs) 2009.07.22 Fluoride & powdered formula 2012.01.06 Gerber 1965 (experts, research center) 2012.09.12 jar size, 1980 2006.12.13 prices 1928 2004.01.26 blueberry buckle dessert 2004.09.10 Gerber baby (Ann Turner Cook) 2010.03.09 teething biscuits (Gerber's, 1953) 2010.02.18 Glass jars 2005.08.11 Good Start H.A. (Carnation/Nestle, pre-digested with enzymes for milk allergies) 2008.10.24 Nestle/Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Co/Borden "richest in cream" lawsuit 2010.10.28 Nouric (Canadian brand) [2] 2006.01.29 Nutramigen (Mead Johnson) see: Good Start H.A. Pregestimil (Mead Johnson) see: Good Start H.A. Robinson's 2007.09.04 Similac, prices, 1980 2013.08.17 Back of the box (recipes)--see: recipes Bacon [3] FAQ Bacon-Boston traditional foods 2002.07.18 Bacon, lettuce & tomato sandwich (BLT)--see: sandwiches Peameal bacon (Canada) 2007.05.14 Pioneer/Cowboy transport methods 2009.08.30 Rusty bacon 2012.07.23 Turkey bacon--see: turkey Bacteria & cheese 2004.09.16 Bagels--see: bread Bagna cauda--see: dips Baguette--see: bread Baja pizza--see: pizza Bake sale [3] 2010.10.03 Baked Alaska--see: ice cream Baked apples--see: apples Baked beans--see: beans Baked rice--see: rice Baked steak--see: steak Bakeries--Colonial America 2005.10.22 Bakers ammonia--see: ammonia cookies FAQ Bakers cheese--see: cheese Baker's dozen [2] 2004.03.23 Bakewell Tart (Bakewell Pudding)--see pies Baking 2004.09.04 Colonia era methods [2] 2005.10.22 Baking v. Cooking [2] 2004.06.14 Baking mixes 2002.10.21 Cookie mixes--see: cookies-cookie mixes Mary Baker brand (Kansas) 2010.11.06 Master baking mix (Purdue University) 2004.03.05 Baking pans (muffin pans, cupcake pans, gem pans) [2] 2013.03.20 see also: corn stick pans Baking powder [7] FAQ Cleveland's Baking (Brooklyn) 2002.05.30 Dr. Price's 2002.09.21 Jack Frost (St. Louis) 2004.12.28 Baking soda [4] FAQ Baklava [13] FAQ Ball-tip steal--see: steak Ballotine 2004.10.24 Balsamic vinegar--see: vinegar Balut 2006.08.12 Banana [2] 2004.04.01 Banana bread FAQ Banana flambe--see: flambe Bananas & meat/steak combinations 2012.04.06 Bananas foster [5] 2003.11.06 Bananas foster cheesecake--see: cakes-cheesecake cream pie--see: pie dried bananas (banana chips, dehydrated bananas, etc.) 2011.01.08 Greece 2003.12.0 Imports, 1920s-1950s, to USA 2014.08.20 India 2005.07.15 Michigan introduction 2008.01.16 see also: pawpaws FAQ (aka Michigan Bananas) splits--see: ice cream transportation to midwest states [2] 2008.01.16 Banana leaves 2005.03.15 Banbury cakes--see:cakes Bangers & mash [2] 2006.06.20 Banh mi--see: sandwiches Banoffee pie--see: pies Banquets 0-100CE 2002.04.10 Banquets 10 meal 2002.07.10 Bappiru--see: bread Bar & Grill restaurants [2] 2002.04.17 Barbarian foods (Vandals)--early middle ages 2003.12.07 Barbecue [13] FAQ Barbecue grills (metal) [2] 2008.09.18 Barbecue sauce--see: sauces Barbecue vs barbeque (spelling variations) 2009.03.03 Cookbook, USA, first marketed to home cooks 2013.10.30 Barley [2] 2001.05.28 Barley water 2002.02.10 Barleygrass--see: wheatgrass Basboosa--see: cakes Baseball stadium concessions 2007.07.25 Fenway Park [Boston] 1912 2011.10.21 Bases (sauce)--see: sauces-culinary bases Basic four/food groups 1956 2002.10.30 Bastila (pastilla, Morocco)--see: pie Bass--see: fish Bassett Ice Cream--see: ice cream Bastables (Irish iron cooking pot) 2005.03.03 Bateau Blanche--see: cakes Bavarian cream--see: French cream FAQ Bavarian liver soup (leberknodelsuppe) 2002.08.06 Bavarois--see: Bavarian cream Bay leaf 2003.11.06 Beach & Clarridge, Boston MA (manufacterers of fruit extracts) 2013.06.02 Bean pies--see: Taylor Pie Bean sprouts--see: sprouts Beans baked beans 1930s-1960s, popular American recipes 2009.01.11 Boston baked beans [6] 2005.12.15 feves au lard [binnes], French Canadian 2013.08.19 can sizes 2009.01.24 bean bread--see:breads bean dip--see: dips beans & toast (English breakfast) 2006.01.09 black 2008.01.27 canned 2003.07.31 canned with sauce 2003.12.22 Cannellini 2005.03.03 chuckwagons & beans [2] 2003.04.14 Colonial American preservation & storage--seee: preservation of foods Fava (aka faba, broad bean, broadbean) [2] 2004.09.29 frijoles charros (frijoles charra) 2007.09.09 Greek giant white beans (aka butter beans, fasiolia gigantes) 2006.05.28 Green [2] 2003.11.04 bean casserole 2003.12.31 Medieval use? 2002.10.12 Native American 2002.10.01 kidney 2001.03.23 Mayocoba (maicoba) 1.25.2006 Mung--see: sprouts Navy beans--see: soup-navy bean soup pulse crops: cranberry, navy...beans 2001.02.04 pulses 2001.10.21 Pulses--Biblical 2004.04.25 refried 2003.02.10 three bean salad--see: salad Wax 2005.09.18 Bear (meat & fat) 2012.07.24 Bear claws (pastry)--see: danish Bear sign (pastry)--see: danish Beardsley Shredded Codfish--see: fish Bearnaise sauce--see: sauce Beaten biscuits--see: biscuits Beatilles (Batalia) 2007.07.16 Beatles (music group)--see: famous people Bechamel (cream reductions) see: sauce Bee keeping, 18th century--see: honey Beechnut Chili Sauce 2008.09.05 Beef--see also: steak, meatballs, meatloaf, veal [5] 2004.01.17 Ancient Egypt 2002.03.18 19th century recipes 2003.06.23 Beef & broccoli (China) [2] 2007.02.08 Beef and horesradish (combination) 2005.01.14 Beef burgundy (aka boeuf bourguignon) [6] 2005.04.28 Beef Manhattan--see: sandwiches, Commercial Beef on Weck--see: sandwiches Beef olives--see: paupiettes Beef tea 2001.09.26 Beef Wellington [6] FAQ Brisket [3] 2005.04.27 Atlanta Brisket (with Coca Cola) 2011.12.16 Churrascarias (beef skewers/Brazil, Argentina & Uruguay) 2008.03.07 Chuck (why named?) 2004.08.11 Cold boiled (beef)--see: notes & recipe in Charles Dickens Cookbook (p. 46-7) Commercial cuts 2005.12.11 Hunter's beef 2006.06.11 Jamaican meat patties 2012.12.01 Kobe [+ notes on Japanese beef consumption] [3] 2005.03.11 London broil [4] 2002.04.12 "On the Hoof" prices (current & 1939) see: food prices Oyster beef (China) 2007.02.08 FAQ Pit Beef (Baltimore specialty) 2008.08.12 Pot roast [4] 2003.07.25 FAQ Roast beef (in England) [3] 2003.12.06 Salt beef (& salt pork) 2013.05.16 Sauerbraten [3] 2005.11.09 Souper burger (Campbell's, 1970s) recipe 2008.02.08 Spiced Round (Christmas specialty, Tennessee) 2008.12.19 statistics (production/consumption) 2008.11.01 Stroganoff [17] FAQ Russian Tea Room recipe 2002.11.1 Tournedos Rossini 2012.05.17 Word origin (English) 2004.01.17 Beefalo 2012.08.17 FAQ Beefsteak Stanley--see: steak Beekeeping see: honey Beer [2] 2003.08.04 Ancient brewing techniques (Mesopotamia, Egypt) 2007.07.01 American (first brewed) 2008.02.05 Anheuser-Busch railroad [train] transport, 19th century 2009.08.30 1950s-popular American brands 2005.05.04 Beer as a cooking ingredient FAQ Beer batter [4] 2003.08.15 FAQ Beer bread--see: breads Beer chasers--see: crackers Beer cheese soup--see: soup Braggot 2012.04.14 (paper only) Ginger beer 2003.01.21 (ginger ale notes) Gruit 2012.04.21 (paper only) Prices--see: food prices Rowan (berries) 2003.09.03 Spain 2003.06.17 Tomato (aka red beer) 2006.11.27 Tudor (Ale) 2003.10.05 Bees--see: honey Beestings (Biestings) 2006.10.12 FAQ Beetles (aka potato mashers)--see: potatoes-potato mashers Beets (beetroot) [3] 2004.01.21 Australia 2003.11.17 Beet cakes (chocolate, spice)--see: cakes Harvard beets [2] 2005.11.26 FAQ Befana cookies & cakes--see: holidays-Christmas Beignet--see: doughnuts Belesh--see: pies Belgian buns (aka Belgium buns) 2005.04.26 Belgian foods--see: countries Belgian waffles--see: waffles Bell peppers--see: peppers Bella Coola (Nuxalt) foods 2004.11.27 Bells and gongs (signalling dinner) 2009.02.25 Bellevue Stratford Hotel (Philadelphia, epicenter of Legionnaire's disease 1976) 2012.03.13 Bernhard, Sarah--see: famous people Berolzheimer, Ruth (bio info) [2] 2004.09.04 Best Foods Inc. (company history) 2012.12.07 Better Homes and Gardens Better Homes & Gardens Creative Cooking Library [1963] how sold? 2011.09.01 Better Homes and Gardens [New] Cook Book (editions) 2008.09.16 Bob Corp & baby juice 2004.10.18 Bibliography of food history books 2000.02.26 Bialys--see:bread Biarritz Potatoes--see: potatoes Bierocks (Germans from Russia recipe) 2005.02.22 Bigos--see: stew Bilberries [2] 2007.04.18 Billy bi--see: soups Billy tea--see: tea Biryani [2] 2005.09.21 Bird's nest [3] 2003.10.29 Birds, shore [plovers, curlews, sandpipers, godwits, avocets] 2008.09.26 Biscotti--see: cookies Biscuit-food that means baked twice 2001.07.01 Biscuit a la cuillier--see: ladyfingers Biscuits [8] FAQ beaten biscuits [2] FAQ biscuits & gravy [2] FAQ buttermilk biscuits [3] 2004.06.13 cathead 2007.09.01 cowboy style [2] FAQ molasses biscuits 2011.08.22 Plasmon biscuits (UK)--see: Plasmon refrigerator biscuits (canned, manufactuered) [2] 2007.03.12 Rockinghams 2007.01.18 sweet potato biscuits (early American) 2012.04.18 FAQ Bishops bread (aka Bishops's cake)--see: cakes-Bishop's Bismark--see: doughnuts Bisque--see:soups Bistecca alla fiorentina--see: steak Bisteeya (bastila, b'stila) Morocco--see: pie Bistro--see: restaurants Bitter (taste--which foods?) 2004.10.16 Bizcochitos--see: cookies Black bean soup--see: soups Black beans--see: beans Black bottom pie--see: pie Black cake--see: cakes-fruit cake Black cows/root beer floats--see: ice cream Black cumin--see: cumin Black Forest cake--see: cakes Black Jack gum (licorice flavor)--see: chewing gum Black pudding--see: sausage Blackberry acid--see: acid Blackbird--see: pie vents Blackeyed peas--see: cowpeas Blackwell, Elizabeth--see: famous people Blackout cake--see: cakes Blanc Manger (blancmange, blewmanger) [5] 2004.10.15 FAQ Blanching (cooking method) 2007.09.26 Blanquette de Veau 2004.05.05 Blemis (urban dictionary term for milk skin) 2009.01.09 Blinis--see: pancakes Blintz--see: pancakes Blondies (butterscotch brownies) FAQ Blood (as food) 2010.10.23 FAQ Blood oranges--see: oranges Blood pudding--see: sausage Blood raisins--see: raisins, bloom Bloody Caesar cocktail--see: alcoholic beverages Bloody Mary cocktail--see: alcoholic beverages Blooming onions--see: onions 2004.10.06 Blow Pop--see: candy Blue Bonnet--see: margarine Blue cheese--see: cheese-blue Blue crabs-see: crabs Blue John--see: milk Blue plate special 2005.05.10 Blue Raspberry (flavor/color/fruit) 2012.12.02 Blue steak--see: steak Blueberries [6] 2005.09.26 Blueberry buckle--see:cakes Blueberry muffins--see: muffins Boar's head--see: wild boar Boas Brothers Pie Bakers (civil war store tokens) 2010.09.04 Body parts--foods with these in their name 2004.09.22 Bog stew--see: stew Boiled cake--see: cakes Boiling (cooking method) 2003.10.15 FAQ Bok choy 2003.12.03 Bollito Misto 2006.08.10 Bologna--see: sausages Bomb pops--see: ice cream Bombe--see: ice cream Bon bons--see: candy Bones (marrow bones) (2) 2008.10.13 marrow balls--see: soup-marrow ball Boone, Daniel--see: famous people Bordelaise--see: sauces Borden pot cheese--see: cheese Borek--see:pies Borscht --see: soups Bosio, Giovanni--see: FAQ (first ice cream parlor) Bostock--see: pastry Boston baked beans--see: beans Boston cream pie--see: pies Boston cuisine 2002.02.18 Bottled water--see: water Bouillabaisse--see: soups Bouillon--see: soup-court bouillon Bouquet garni [2] 2006.07.10 Bourguignon, boeuf--see: beef Bourride--see: soups Boursin--see: cheese Booya (booyah)--see: stew Braciola (& braciole, farsumagru, involtini) 2005.08.29 Bradley, Alice (cookbook author) 2007.12.30 Bradley, Martha (cookbook author) 2011.06.10 Braggot--see: beer Braille, Louis--see: famous people Brains 2010.06.29 Fried brain sandwiches (USA midwest)--see: sandwiches Braising & roasting 2002.10.17 & korma 2008.09.22 Braising and stewing--see: stewing Bran muffins--see: muffins Brand names--how are they selected for candy? 2003.10.17 Brandy butter--see: sauce Brandy wells/cake stands [2] 2003.06.05 Bratwurst--see: sausage Braunschweiger/Liverwurst--see: sausage Bravery, Haarold Edwin (home brewing author, 1919+) 2014.11.22 Brawn (aka head cheese) 2012.09.02 FAQ Bread [10] FAQ 1940s USA: popular brands 2009.05.14 WWII 1940-1946 rationing 2011.09.14 Ancient Egypt (how made) 2006.11.04 (as payment) 2002.11.20 Afghanistan 2004.09.29 Artisan (artisanal) USA [2] 2008.06.23 FAQ Babovka (Czech Easter bread) 2007.01.03 Bagels [17] FAQ Bagels, lox & cream cheese [2] 2003.12.28 Everything bagel 2011.04.21 FAQ Baguette [4] FAQ Baguettes in New Zealand/Australia 2013.08.12 Bannock 2013.09 FAQ Scottis Yule Bannock (Yule Loaves) 2013.12.16 Bappiru [Mesopotamian beer bread] 2011.11.08 Bean bread (Native American) 2006.0215 Beer bread 2014.03.18 Belguim buns 2005.04.26 Benedictine Monks, 6th century Nursia Italy 2011.08.16 Bialys [2] 2004.10.12 Blessing bread (eulogia) 2005.03.26 Bread & cookies, to keep them soft 2002.12.17 Bread & quicksilver (mercury) superstition/divining/dead/Twain/Finn 2007.09.23 Bread & salt--housewarming tradition 2004.12.30 Bread boxes 2005.12.19 FAQ Bread bowls & bread trenchers [3] 2005.11.20 FAQ "Bread is the staff of life" 2008.06.12 Bread-on-a-stick (campfire cookery) 2009.10.02 Bread ovens--see: ovens Bread pans 2004.06.19 Bread risers (bread raisers, dough raisers) 2005.07.16 Bread spreads (butters vs mayo) [3] 2014.08.01 Bread storage (& bread cloths) 2014.05.02 Bread varieties (types & numbers, global) 2007.10.12 Bread, why served at the beginning of a meal? [2] 2008.10.25 FAQ (bread ettiquette) Brioche [4] FAQ Brown bread-New England style [aka Boston brown bread] [4] 2000.10.12 ADDED TO FAQ canned products (B&M) 2010.11.29 Bruschetta [4] FAQ Byzantine (ingredients/method/types/modernized recipes) 2011.02.05 Campaillou [4] 2008.10.02 FAQ Challah [11] FAQ Cheese biscuits/pennies (Colonial era) 2004.01.28 Chelsea buns 2006.09.13 Chinese breads 2004.02.14 Christmas breads--see: religion & food--breads Christmas Eve, England, superstition 2005.01.02 Ciabatta [4] 2003.07.08 FAQ Clay cookery +Nathalie Herling referral [3] 2006.07.20 Cloche cookery see: clay cookery Cloverleaf rolls 2010.02.17 FAQ Cob (Coburg) [2] 2007.03.04 Coffee can bread (made in coffee can) 2008.10.05 Concha (Mexican enriche bread) 2007.01.03 Communion wafers--see: religion & food-bread Corn--see: corn [bread] Crazy bread (Little Caesars) 2009.11.06 Croissant [14] FAQ Croutons [4] 2005.07.14 FAQ Crumpets [8] FAQ Cuban 2009.10.20 Date nut bread [roll], sold in NYC 1950s-60s [2] 2005.02.26 Dromedary brand (where to buy) 2007.02.10 Dier (aka dyer aka diet bread) 2006.11.06 Easter breads FAQ Eskimo 2003.08.14 Etiquette (buttering, tearing, cutting see: etiquette Fairy bread (Australia) 2004.01.17 Fan tan rolls 2014.01.04 Flatbreads FAQ Flower pot bread (clay cookery) FAQ Focaccia [5] FAQ Fouace [fougasse] [2] 2005.05.25 Free bread in USA restaurants FAQ French vs Italian 2009.02.11 French roll pans (aka French stick pans) 2007.06.22 Fry bread [9] FAQ (sopaipillas) Funeral biscuits (Ireland)--see: funeral foods Galette [2] FAQ Garlic bread FAQ Garlic knots 2007.10.14 FAQ Hawaiian 2004.09.14 heel 2014.06.02 FAQ Hollywood brand 2012.11.20 Hot cross buns [3] 2004.11.12 India 2006.10.29 Injera (Ethiopia) [2] 2004.11.06 FAQ International [2] 2003.01.20 Iraq 2004.09.29 Irish brown bread 2007.02.04 Irish soda bread [22] FAQ Italian, unsalted--see: bread-unsalted Jack bread (jack rolls, Australia) 2005.04.25 Kaiser rolls 2004.10.19 Khobuz (Iraqi bread)--see: flatbread FAQ Kouloura 2003.10.16 Kulick (Russian Easter bread) [2] 2005.11.22 Lavash (aka lavosh) Armenian flat bread [3] FAQ Lefse (Norway) [6] 2010.10.21 FAQ Light bread 2007.11.08 Limpa--see: Swedish breads Loaf sizes (contemporary USA) 2010.08.26 Lussekatter (Lucia's cats, Sweden) [3] 2004.10.17 FAQ Malt loaf 2004.09.26 Massa Sovada (massa suvada) Portuguese sweet bread for Easter 2007.03.05 Matnakash (Armenia) 2008.05.24 Matzah 2012.04.11 Medieval methods & weights 2006.01.14 Monkey bread [53] FAQ Montana territory c.1860s 2002.06.11 National loaf (aka national bread) UK 2014.05 FAQ Orange bread 2005.03.25 Osterzopf (German Easter bread) 2011.04.25 Pain au chocolat [7] 2003.10.19 Pain au lait [3] 2006.08.15 Pain de Campagne [2] 2007.10.11 FAQ Pain levain 2004.09.17 Pan de sal (salt bread) [2] 2005.12.28 Pan dulce [3] 2008.01.10 Pane de frati (Friar's bread, 16th century Northern Italy) 2013.01.31 Panettone [6] 2004.12.05 FAQ Panforte 2007.02.24 Panko (Japanese bread crumbs) 2005.11.19 FAQ Parker House rolls [2] 2005.03.29 FAQ Parthian bread (Pliny) 2010.07.05 FAQ Passover--see: religion & food-bread Pastis landais 2006.05.18 Penny loaf 2006.11.28 Philpy (filpy, philpee) rice biscuits/bread 2012.06.03 Pita [4] 2004.03.03 Wholemeal pita (recipe) 2004.07.16 Pokerounce--see: cinnamon toast Potato [4] 2004.12.05 Pudding--see: pudding Pugliese 2003.08.06 Pullman loaf FAQ Pumpernickel [6] 2003.10.14 Puris Pooris (India) [3] 2005.08.27 Raisin [3] 2004.04.07 Rosetta (Italian) 2007.09.22 Roti (including Caribbean connection) [4] 2003.09.28 Rusk [3] 2004.10.16 Russian black bread--see: pumpernickel Rye (including Jewish rye. See also: pumpernickel) [4] 2004.04.20 Rye N Injun Bread (Laura Ingalls Wilder/Farmer Boy] 2010.01.19 Sally Ann 2006.10.15 Salt rising [3] 2008.09.03 FAQ Sandwich bread see: Pullman Bread FAQ Scones [4] 2004.02.28 Utah (Mormon) scones 2004.08.01 Semolina (pasta dura) [4] 2008.01.27 FAQ Shepherd's bread 2003.11.26 Shokupan (Japanese white bread) 2004.11.08 Shortening bread FAQ Sliced bread (Wonder) [2] 2005.02.15 FAQ sliced bread, round shape (Rainbo) 2012.06.12 Spotted dick [3] 2003.10.26 Sourdough [5] 2002.05.30 FAQ Squaw bread 2012.09.10 Sticciata (Tuscany) & schiacciata (Emlia) 2007.11.06 Sudan 2004.09.29 Swedish breads 2004.10.17 tapping for doneness 2009.12.21 Thousand Layer Buns (Jonny Kan, LA) 2009.04.22 Toast [2] FAQ Cinnamon toast [2] 2005.02.25 FAQ Toast sandwich--see: sandwiches uggity (not found, 1880s, USA) 2014.09.09 Unleavened, Passover--see: religion & food--bread Unsalted (Italy: Tuscany, Umbria, Lazio) why? [2] 2007.03.09 Vasilopita (Greek Christmas/Easter bread) 2005.12.16 white 2003.07.19 FAQ Winter bread (winter wheat) 2008.05.12 Wonder Bread (1930s, + prices) 2008.08.21 yaya bread (cheese biscuits, Loisiana style)--see: bread-cheese biscuits yeast (for baking & brewing) 2003.02.22 Zopf (Switzerland) 2005.12.21 Bread and butter pickles--see: pickles Breadnuts (fruit) [2] 2006.03.05 Breadfruit 2003.05.26 Breakfast [10] FAQ American traditional [4] 2003.05.25 Breakfast kidneys--see: kidneys British (including Tudor) FAQ British family, 1909 2008.09.21 Continental [2] FAQ English vs Irish traditional 2003.07.17 International fare [2] 2003.08.22 Tea [18th century/UK & America] 2011.09.01 Venetian 2006.01.06 World history 2003.03.05 Breakfast cereal 2014.06.08 FAQ Breakfast cereal brands, USA, now many today? 2013.04.12 Force (brand) 2008.02.18 Shredded wheat (spoon size) 2012.02.24 Twinkles (with orange elephant stories on box) 2009.05.19 Breakfast drinks (nutritional supplements, Metrecal) [3] 2004.11.07 Breakfast squares (General Mills) & Breakfast Bars (Carnation/Nestle) [2] 2005.04.22 Breton Gateau--see: cakes Brick tea--see: tea Bridal sugars (Dutch wedding tradition) 2004.10.11 Bridge mix--see: candy Brie--see: cheese Brine, using potato as a salt-meter) 2009.10.23 Brioche--see: bread 2003.07.11 Brisket--see: beef Brittle--see: candy Brittle, cookie--see: cookies Broad beans--see: beans-fava Broccoli (Including purple sprouting) 2001.12.05 Broccoli cheese & rice casserole--see: casseroles Broccoli cheese soup--see: soup Broccoli rabe 2013.11.06 Broccoli salad--see: salads Broil 2004.04.13 Broil vs. Grill 2001.09.01 Broom 2004.05.24 Broth--see: soup Brothers Karamzov--see: literature & food Brown, Margaret (Molly)--see: famous people Brown, Robert (Cora & Rose...cookbook authors) 2007.10.25 Brown betty--see: pies-Apple crisp & apple brown betty Brown bread-New England style--see: bread Brownies [52] FAQ Black Forest 2003.01.24 cream cheese brownies 2014.01.30 FAQ marble squares (with cream cheese) 2011.12.10 Py-O-My--see: Py-O-My Palmer House Chicago connection? 2010.06.16 Brunch [18] FAQ original recipes 2002.12.09 market statistics (sales, popular items) 2007.03.21 Brunoise [2] 2008.07.14 Brunswick stew--see: stew Bruschetta--see: bread Brussels sprouts [2] 2006.01.03 Bubble & squeak [2] 2002.10.20 Bubble gum--see: chewing gum Buche de Noel--see: cake Buckeye candy--see: candy Buckwheat 2004.04.23 Buddha's hand (citron) [4] 2004.07.24 Buddhist foods--see: religion & food Buffalo (bison) [3] 2005.08.09 Buffalo choppers 2004.09.12 Buffalo wings [3] 2004.03.26 Buffets [11] FAQ Bulgaria--see: countries Bumpernickel 2004.05.27 Bundt cake--see: cakes Burgul salad--see: salads-tablouleh Burgundy Beef--see: beef Burple (powdered drink mix in expandable container) 2011.05.04 Burrecas 2004.02.29 Burritos [5] FAQ Breakfast burritos [2] 2003.10.05 Chile burros (Arizona recipes) 2009.07.09 Burry Company (cookie bakers) [5] 2005.01.18 Butcher shops America (oldest) 2003.07.03 Colonial America--how was meat wrapped? see: food packaging-meat Butlers 2009.09.29 Butter [5] 2003.10.07 17th century New England 2006.11.15 19th century USA (industrialization) 2013.05.13 Artificial (on popcorn) 2006.06.05 Brandy butter--see: sauce Butter balls--see:cookies Butter Buds--see: Dry butter Butter--drawn 2002.06.08 Double butter (fettuccine alfredo recipe) 2006.05.11 Dry butter (dehydrated, Butter Buds & Molly McButter) 2011.01.26 Garlic butter (compound butters) 2005.09.11 Noisette 2007.02.06 Sunlight 2008.01.21 Unsalted (fresh) vs salted [2] 2003.10.03 Butter churns & production methods (18th century) 2007.02.25 Butter scotch [3] 2003.11.02 FAQ Butter scotch chips--see: candy Butter sculpting-Tibet/Buddhist monks [3] 2004.05.16 Butter sculpting (small rosettes) 2003.05.28 Butter tarts--see: pies Butter tart filling 2001.07.18 Butter using peanuts 2001.02.24 Butterball turkey--see: turkey Buttercream icing 2003.05.16 Buttercrunch--see: candy Butterhorn rolls 2004.11.22 Buttering egg--see: eggs Buttermilk--see: milk Buttermilk pie--see: pies (include notes on buttermilk) Butternut squash--see: squash Cabbage 2006.06.21 Napa cabbage 2009.06.17 storage, Victorian era 2005.05.27 stuffed cabbage rolls [4] 2004.09.04 see also: sauerkraut soup--see: soups York 2011.02.03 Cabbage trees (New Zealand) 2004.10.28 Cabinet--see: ice cream-milk shakes Cabinet pudding--see: puddings Cactus Prickly pear (nopales) [3] 2006.08.16 Caesar salad--see: salad Cafe de Paris steak sauce--see: sauce Cafeterias--see: restaurants Caipirinha 2004.08.11 Cajeta 2002.12.16 Cajun cuisine--see: United States Cajun deep fried turkey--see: turkey-Cajun deep fried Cake [15] FAQ 1234 cake FAQ Amalgamation [2] 2005.12.25 Angel food [16] FAQ angel food cake mix USA 2012.09.14 FAQ difference between angel and sponge cake (egg yolks in sponge) 2010.04.30 lime gelatin topping/filling 2008.05.15 Luker's Rekul Pan-o-Cake 2012.11.04 why baked in tube pans? 2007.12.18 Answer cake [3] 2006.07.24 Apfelkuchen [4] 2004.11.13 Apple cake (Denmark, Sweden, Scandinavia) 2011.11.82 Applesauce cake (& applesauce cookies) [6] 2003.12.19 Armadillo--see: Red velvet Baking papers/cake liners [5] 2004.02.11 FAQ Baklava 2003.07.07 FAQ Banana bread & banana cake [14] FAQ Banbury cakes (aka Banbury buns) [2] 2006.02.23 Basboosa (aka basbousa) 2005.04.28 Bateau Blanche (Kennedy) 2008.08.08 Beet cakes (made with real beets, chocolate & spice flavors) 2011.07.15 FAQ Befana--see: holidays-Christmas Bible Samuel II 6:19 2003.09.08 Birthday cake [4] FAQ Bishop's cake (aka Bishop's bread, stained glass cake, crown jewel cake, broken glass [2] 2006.05.11 Black Forest cake [10] 2004.08.18 FAQ Black Russian cake [2] 2004.11.1 Blackout cake [2] 2006.02.09 FAQ Blueberry buckle [4] 2003.09.02 Boiled cake (poorboy) 2004.11.22 Breton Gateau 2005.03.03 Brownstone front cake 2003.01.27 Buche de Noel [2] 2004.07.20 FAQ Bundt 2007.04.03 FAQ Butter Brickle cake mix & icing mix [2] 2008.10.03 Butter cake (Gooey) 2002.01.03 Butterless, eggless, milkless cake 2005.07.15 FAQ Cake charms--see: plumb/Christmas pudding FAQ Cake decorations 2009.07.30 (added to cake FAQ) 19th century [Careme] 2011.09.11 Cake in a jar 2004.09.13 Cake mixes [2] 2003.11.18 FAQ 1960s--product sizes & # cupcakes made from mix 2014.07.11 Angel food cake mix FAQ Australian introduction 2011.04.17 High altitude--cakes/cake mixes FAQ Cake pops (cake lollipops) 2012.08.01 FAQ Canadian war cake [2] 2003.11.15 Caramel cake [6] 2003.08.13 FAQ Carrot cake FAQ Carrot cake, Argovia 2001.04.02 Carrot cake, Waldorf-Astoria $250.00 (urban legend) 2005.03.02 Cassata 2008.01.23 Castella (Nagasaki specialty) 2004.03.01 Centerpieces/top pieces 2003.07.28 Champaign (aka Champagne) 2007.05.22 Checkerboard cake [2] 2009.05.22 FAQ Cheese cake [56] FAQ Australia 2008.04.03 Bananas foster cheesecake 2004.05.05 Chicago-style 2012.12.18 chocolate 2001.09.11 condensed milk as ingredient 2014.03.16 New York [7] FAQ Lindy's FAQ Per'Als Cheesecake (Califorinia) 2006.04.19 Philadelphia Cheesecake House 2010.11.08 Reuben's (1929 gold medal) 2005.09.23 UK 2003.03.21 waterbath method (USA) 2011.12.02 Cherry (Maraschino cherry with nuts) 2014.03.06 (see paper files for recipes) Chester (Ireland) 2011.03.06 Chiffon [2] 2006.01.16 FAQ Chocolate [3] FAQ definition 2002.08.06 chocolate chip cake-1940s 2002.01.27 chocolate chip cake-KFC (Kentucky Fried Chicken] 2010.08.20 eating cocolate (candy sticks) 2014.03.29 FAQ Jewish confectioners 2005.11.11 Molten lava cake [4] 2004.11.29 FAQ Layer 2004.01.17 Lydia Pinkaham's chocolate cake & icing recipe 2004.11.29 seven layer chocolate--see: seven layer Chop Suey Cake 2011.10.13 FAQ Christmas cake--see: Yule cake Coca cola & 7Up [2] 2005.07.01 FAQ Coconut cake (aka cocoanut cake) & cocoanut icing [5] 2007.01.26 Coffee cake [15] FAQ Cranberry bread 2010.07.21 FAQ Croquembouche [5] 2005.06.22 FAQ Crown cake 2011.10.15 Crumb cake FAQ (coffeecake) crybaby cake 2009.11.17 cupcakes [12] FAQ 1960s--# cupcakes made from standard mix (30-36) 2014.07.11 Black bottom see: pie-black bottom Cupcake liners (paper) 2004.02.11 Denmark, 1930s-1940s+ 2006.08.16 Fairy cakes (& magdelenas) [3] 2010.03.03 Hostess cupcakes 2005.01.09 National cupcake day--see: national food days Dacquoise [3] 2003.07.11 date cake (ancient) 2006.10.08 decoration-19th century 2001.11.03 Denver chocolate sheet cake--see: Texas sheet cake Devils food [17] FAQ vs. chocolate (definition) 2003.06.22 dirt [14] FAQ Dobos torte 2004.11.01 doed koecks (dead cakes)--see: funeral food Dr. Bird cake---see: Hummingbird cake FAQ Drop cakes 2014.01.22 Dump cake [5] 2005.02.27 Duncan Hines (cake mix brand) Duncan Hines, bio info FAQ black forest cake mix 2011.12.02 chocolate & mashed potato cake (back of the box) 2007.09.08 devils food cake mix 2011.01.16 lemon supreme cake mix 2012.12.17 product size [weight], 1990 2011.06.14 earthquake cake 2011.01.07 FAQ easy 175 cake 2013.09.04 Eccles [2] 2003.12.03 Edible cake tops (computer generated) 2004.06.15 Eggless, vanilla 2008.05.15 Eggs as rising agents (Elizabethan discovery)--see: snow Election [6] FAQ Empress Carlotta 2005.05.10 Feather (featherweight) early 20th century recipes 2005.08.27 fig cakes (ancient) 2002.01.08 Financier 2011.04.08 Flag cake 2004.06.23 Flourless chocolate 2004.07.28 Friendship cake [3] 2004.04.19 fruit cake 2001.11.05 FAQ Apollo mission recipe (pineapple fruit cake) 2012.01.05 Baked in coffee cans, 1970s 2004.12.18 Black cake [Caribbean] 2011.11.11 FAQ Christmas fruitcake--see: Yule cake Corisicana TX style 2000.04.24 Franklin pecan fruit cake (Franklin nut cake) [2] 2012.12.18 Fruit pound cake (early American) 2006.11.10 Holland honey fruit cake (no-fat, commercial brand) 2013.02.08 Icebox fruit cake see: cakes, icebox Japanese fruit cake (see also: Sawdust Pie) 2009.10.21 FAQ Mrs. Baskin's fruit cake (MD) 2002.10.28 Nabisco (1940s-50s) [2] 2003.07.13 Paradise Fruit Cake [Ward Baking Co.] 2011.12.26 Tidewater Fruit Cake 2012.11.09 (not found) Traditional ingredients 2004.06.29 fruit cocktail cake [3] 2007.05.28 Gateau FAQ Genoa sponge cake (Genoise) FAQ German's chocolate cake [5] 2004.08.03 FAQ with bananas 2004.02.09 Gerber baby food plum cake recipe 2003.11.30 ginger cakes & nutmeg 2003.06.05 Ginger Evans brand mixes (Sav-A-Lot) 2004.10.24 Gingerbread--see: gingerbread gold cake--see: yellow cake Gooey cake Philadelphia 2006.06.14 St. Louis MO [2] FAQ Graham cracker cake [2] 2008.02.15 Great cake, Eliza Smith (18th c.) 2012.09.09 groom's [3] FAQ Harvard Beet Cake--see: Harvard Beets FAQ Harvey Wallbanger Cake 2006.06.13 honey cakes (ancient)--see: date cake & fig cake hot milk [2] 2002.01.03 hot water chocolate cake (cocoa) 2003.01.15 hot water ginger bread (aka hot water molasses) 2006.05.12 Hummingbird cake (aka cake that doesn't last) [5] FAQ Ice cream--see: ice cream-cake Icebox cake FAQ icebox fruit cake 2015.01.13 Italian cream cake [5] 2004.05.20 FAQ Italian love cake 2007.03.26 Jam cake 2005.11.30 Jap cake 2014.04.03 Jar cake--see: cakes: cake in a jar Jello Poke Cake (& Jello cake) [3] 2003.02.03 Jimmie cake (with Jimmies aka sprinkles) 2012.05.28 Kahlua cake 2006.04.12 Keeping cake 2005.12.02 King Cake (Twelfth Night & Epiphany) FAQ Kransekake (Norway & Denmark) 2009.03.29 Lady Baltimore 2011.04.04 FAQ Lady fingers FAQ Lafayette rice cake (+ Lafayette gingerbread) 2013.07.11 Lamingtons (Australia) [3] 2004.10.11 Lane FAQ Lemon cake [3] 2003.06.24 Lemon cheese cake (layers, not traditional pastry) 2010.01.30 Lemon meringue cake (lemon meringue layer cake) 2013.05.28 Log cabin cake 2007.12.18 Lord Baltimore 2011.04.04 FAQ Louise (New Zealand) 2004.02.13 Madeira 2008.11.22 Magdelenas--see: cupcakes-fairy cakes Maids of Honour 2006.08.29 Malakoff (Malakov) 2008.07.10 Ma'mounia and ma'moul--see: basboosa Marble [3] FAQ see also: brownies: marble square Marquise au chocolat--see: chocolate Mayonnaise (& chocolate mayonnaise) [9] 2004.07.26 FAQ Melody wafers (Nabisco) [4] 2004.08.16 Merveilleux (Belgium) 2013.03.16 Mexican Wedding cake--see: cookies Mickey Cakes (American Bakeries/Interstate Bakeries) 2008.05.30 Miracle Whip (see: mayonnaise cake & send Miracle Whip Spice cake from Cooking with Miracle Whip) Milky Way Cake 2005.09.16 Mixes [4] FAQ UK cake mixes 2008.09.06 (not found, ref: Green's Sponge Mixture) Molasses (Russian) 2007.09.30 Mooncakes (China, secret messages) 2008.01.09 FAQ Mozart cake (Mozart gateau) 2013.01.05 Mud [3] FAQ Mystery cake (aka tomato soup cake) [2] 2005.07.14 National Cake Day--see: National Food Days Nutbread 2002.10.10 Oatcakes 2004.03.19 Opera FAQ Pain de Genes 2011.04.08 Paris-Brest [5] 2004.11.07 Paskhas (paska) (Ukranian Easter cheesecake) [2] 2006.06.19 patty cakes--see: patty pans Pavlova [4] FAQ Peach (yeast cake)/1940s 2003.08.27 Peanut butter cake 2012.09.10 Pear 2004.04.01 Perfect Chocolate Cake, McCalls March 1972 (p. 113-4) 2004.06.26 Philadelphia cake--3 layers, spice between 2 white layers 2011.05.10 [paper] Philadelphia gooey cake (aka Philadelphia Butter Cake)--see: Gooey cake Pineapple upside-down [10] FAQ Pink lemonade cake (Pillsbury) 2012.03.25 Pistachio [2] 2002.12.11 Pithiviers 2006.11.29 Plum cake 2008.01.13 Poor man's cake (Depression era)--see: butterless, eggless, milkless cake Poppy seed 2007.01.29 Potica 2011.02.15 Pound cake [23] FAQ rhyming recipe (stand on your legs and beat 4 eggs) see: recipes-rhyming Prince of Wales cake 2009.11.14 Providence cake [RI colonial spice cake] 2010.03.27 Prune cake 2012.05.03 Pudding cake 2011.03.01 Pumpkin bread [3] 2005.03.14 FAQ Pumpkin rolls--see: Swiss rolls Queen [2] 2004.03.16 Queen Emma 2008.05.09 Queen of Sheba (flourless chocolate) 2008.01.18 Raw apple cake 2009.04 21 Red velvet [9] 2003.08.29 added to FAQ Adams Extract Company, 1930s 2012.12.25 Refrigerator cake--see: Icebox cake Ripple cake (Australia)--same as Icebox cake (FAQ) Round shape--why? FAQ Rush-bearer's Cake--see: gingerbread, Grasmere Russian sheet cake (Russian slab cake, Creole Trifle) 2005.05.18 Sacher torte [3] 2004.04.12 FAQ St. Honore [4] FAQ St. Timothy's coffee cake 2005.04.19 Sally Lunn [2] 2004.06.06 FAQ Sand Cake 2009.03.13 Saratoga cake [2] 2003.08.03 Sausage cake (aka pork cake) 2009.11.10 Savarin (related to Baba/Babka) [3] 2004.09.23 Savoy cakes & biscuits 2011.10.29 Schaum torte (aka Kiss Cake, kiss torte) 2014.04.28 Semita (aka semite, cemita) 2011.09.03 Seven layer Caramel cake (southern)--see: caramel cake Chocolate {Jewish) [3] 2003.07.14 Seven Up cake--see: cakes-Coca Cola cake Shadow cake 2008.03.26 Sheath (aka sheet, Texas sheet) FAQ Shortcake [9] (& Strawberry shortcake) 2004.06.24 Shower Cake (from Good Housekeeping Birthday Cake Book) 2007.09.19 Shrewsbury cakes [4] 2006.10.29 Simnel [3] 2002.06.04 Smith Island Cake (Maryland official dessert) 2013.10.18 FAQ Snackin Cake (aka Snack'n Cake, Betty Crocker) [5] 2007.07.09 FAQ Snowball cake 2009.11.20 Spice cake [2] 2010.01.20 Sponge [2] see also: ladyfingers FAQ Genoise [3] 2005.10.25 Nettie's Passover (recipe) 2002.03.28 Spritz [2] 2004.03.26 Stack cake 2006.12.23 Stollen [2] FAQ Straw cake 2015.01.09 Strawberry cake 2014.09.08 Sugar ingredient & chemical, staling/freshness effects 2009.10.26 Swedish diplomat cake 2004.01.24 Swedish flop coffee cake (Illinois) 2011.01.07 Swedish princesss cake (aka princess cake) [2] 2003.11.01 Swiss rolls (how/why named?) [3] 2003.10.04 telephone cake (& radio icing) 2011.09.08 Texas sheet cake (aka Texas sheath cake, Denver Chocolate sheet cake) [9] FAQ Tipsy Parson (aka Tipsy Cake, Tipsy Pudding) 2007.03.30 FAQ Tomato soup cake--see: mystery cake Torta de Cielo --(almond sponge)--send sponge & almond FAQs Tortes (general, linzer, dobos, sacher) FAQ Tres leches (3 milk) [3] 2004.01.22 Tunnel of Fudge (Pillsbury bake off winner, original recipe) see: icing, Double Dutch Frosting Mix Victoria sandwich--see: cookies Victory Cake (Sunmaid) 2007.12.16 Vinarterta (Iceland) 2010.01.03 Wacky cake [4] FAQ Washington cake (including South Jersey/Philly recipe--frosted chocolate spice) [2] 2006.08.10 FAQ Watergate cake--see also: pistachio cake [3] FAQ Watermelon cake 2007.03.29 Weary Willie cake 2009.03.30 Wedding cake [21] FAQ American 2003.08.14 Bridal processions 2006.01.08 colonial recipes [10] FAQ 1815 Ireland 2003.04.09 Johnson (Luci & Lynda Bird) recipes in: White House Family Cookbook/Henry Haller Lucrezia Borgia (15th century Italy) 2005.12.28 Traditions (English, breaking cake over bride's head) 2008.07.14 Victorian [3] FAQ Wet Dog Cake 2013.10.23 (not found) White cake 2011.09.09 White House Cherry Cake (includes White House Cherry Ice Cream notes) [2] 2012.02.10 White pepper cake 2012.11.19 White Trash cake 2009.02.27 Wine cake 2011.02.15 Wood House 2003.10.15 Yellow cake (& gold) 2009.04.28 Yule cake (julekake, Christmas cake) [2] 2006.11.09 see also: bread:Vasilopita (Greek) & King cake FAQ Yum Yum cake 2004.05.17 Zucchini bread [4] 2005.01.12 FAQ Cake flour--see: flour Cake mixes--see: cake 2003.02.03 Cake pans (with cutter implement) 2008.05.25 Cake stand brandy wells 2003.06.05 Calabacita--see: zucchini Calamari--see: squid Calas--see: doughnuts Calcium 2004.11.15 California cuisine--see: Countries-U.S. California dip (french onion soup mix & sour cream)--see: dips California roll [5] FAQ Callaloo--see: soups Calzones [3] FAQ Camel 2004.08.18 Cameline sauce--see: sauce Camembert--see: cheese Cameo--see: cookies Camp pie--see: meat Campaillou--see: breads Campbell's Soups--see: soup Camphor 2009.09.11 Canadian war cake--see:cake Canapes [13] 2003.11.20 FAQ Candied fruit (candied orange peel)--see:candy Candied yams (& candied sweet potaotes)--see: yams Candlestick salad--see: salads Candy [2] FAQ 1935 (popular American brands) 2005.05.08 1938 2003.09.16 1960s [3] 2010.04.08 1970s 2006.02.19 1985 2009.04.18 Alaska (19th/early 20th century availability & types) 2007.03.15 Almond Cluster (Peter Paul) 2008.05.29 Almond cookies (Chinese) 2003.10.27 Alpine White (Nestle) 2009.04.18 Apollo Candy 2005.09.29 Army & Navy 2006.01.07 Baby Ruth candy bars, prices--see: food prices Bark (almond, chocolate) [2] 2005.12.08 Bible-era candies 2004.06.04 Blox (candy blox, candy blocks, looks like legos) 2013.10.26 Blow pop (gum filled lollipop) 2007.07.16 Bon bons 2004.05.27 Boston Baked Beans 2006.02.14 Brand names--how selected? 2003.10.17 Bridge Mix [2] 2009.12.24 FAQ Brittle [13] FAQ Peco Coconut Peanut Brittle [Atkinso Candy Company TX] 2014.06.09 Buckeye [7] 2005.06.05 FAQ Buttercrunch 2008.03.24 Butterscotch [4] 2004.02.24 FAQ Butterscotch chips (aka butterscotch morsels) [2] 2005.12.06 Cajeta (includes dulce de leche) [4] 2002.12.16 Cake decorations (packaged candy alphabets) 2006.07.27 Candied fruit (candied orange peel or citon peel) see also: orangeado [4] 2005.12.22 Candy corn 2007.10.15 (added content to Halloween FAQ) Capezzoli di Venere 2005.02.15 Caramel [6] FAQ Caramel apples (aka toffee apples, candied apples, carmel apples) [4] FAQ Chicken Bones 2008.07.03 Chocolate--see: Chocolate Christmas ornaments (clear candy, barley sugar candy) [2] 2005.12.22 Chunky brand USA candy 2010.08.03 Colonial-Civil War eras (United States) 2003.08.21 FAQ confectionery shops--see: Colonial America-confectioners comfits FAQ confetti--see: comfits Cotton candy [20] FAQ Cream candy (aka pulled cream candy) [2] 2005.04.22 Crunch bars (Nestles) 2006.05.11 Date balls (aka no bake date balls, honeyballs) [5] 2006.10.18 Denver Sandwich Candy (bar) 2006.10.29 Depression-era (sugar & evaporated milk) 2004.01.10 Divinity candy (fudge--including weather notes) [11] FAQ Betty Crocker/1964 2004.07.18 Troubleshooting: too soft 2009.12.22 Dolly mixtures [2] FAQ Drops--see: lemon drops Early American [4] FAQ Easter eggs (chocolate etc.) 2004.08.12 Fairy food (Wisconsin) 2003.12.27 see also: candy--sponge candy Fizz candy (Zotz, Lotsa Fizz) 2008.08.11 (see also Pop Rocks FAQ) Fondant (see also: icing-fondant) [3] 2007.10.04 Fruit slices (jellied: orange, lime, lemon, cherry, &c.) 2014.06.24 Fudge [9] FAQ Federal Fudge (Civil War era) 2007.03.30 Hershey's cocoa fudge [3] 2003.11.19 Peanut butter 2004.04.27 Russian 2004.03.22 Fun Dip 2013.10.26 Gibraltar rock 2006.06.20 FAQ Good & Plenty (and Good & Fruity) 2010.04.29 Goose grease candy (not found) 2013.22.14 Gumdrops [5] 2003.11.12 Gummi bears 2004.04.01 Hagelslag (chocolate sprinkles from Holland Dutch) 2005-09-09 Halvah [5] 2002.12.12 Halvah manufacturers, New York City 2008.08.14 Hard candies 2002.11.16 Haribo (UK) Maoam 2013.02.27 Honeycomb (Australia)--see: sponge candy Horehound (hoarhound) [3] 2006.01.02 FAQ I Love Lucy candy factory (job switching) episode 2012.08.22 Irish candy (yellowman, yallaman) 2009.07.26 Jawbreakers [2] 2006.05.11 Jelly beans [5] 2005.08.22 FAQ Jerome's (aka Stejr's Candy Kitchen, Forest Park IL) 2013.11.20 Jimmies (aka chocolate shots, sprinkles) [2] 2012.05.28 Jolly Ranchers [2] 2004.03.01 Jujubees (Heide Co.) 2002.08.13 Jujyfruit & jujubes [2] 2003.11.07 FAQ Kendal Mint Cake 2006.10.05 Kewpie, Powell Candy Company, [Hopkins MN]--box photo 1913-1937 2013.08.14 (not found) Konpeito (Japanese candy)--see: comfits Lafayettes (gummi candy) 2009.01.22 Lemon drops [2] 2011.06.22 FAQ Licorice [9] FAQ 17th century France 2011.09.05 Lollipops [7] FAQ Lollipops in banks 2007.07.27 FAQ Louis Sherry confectioners (retail candy) 2004.07.13 Loukoumi--see: Turkish delight Love Nest--see: Euclid Candy Co M&Ms--how named? [2] 2003.11.20 MacIntosh Toffee 2009.11.04 Marshmallows--see: marshmallows Marzipan [6] FAQ Elizabethan shapes 2002.05.18 Mary Jane 2006.05.17 Mass manufactuing (19th century) 2005.10.19 Merrimints (fondant mints, green white pink yellow & orange--recipe) 2012.02.16 Mike & Ike 2008.03.04 Milk Duds/alternate flavors 2002.07.10 Milk Duds--prices: see: food prices Mints, after dinner [4] 2003.09.24 FAQ Mostarda 2006.02.21 Mottos (motto rock, motto candy) 2014.02.21 Muisjes 2005.02.08 Night Editor (Cardinet Candy Co.) 2007.09.21 Nik L Nips (wax soda-shaped bottles filled with liquid colored sugar)--see: wax candy No-bake--see: date balls Noant (Passover candy) 2006.03.29 Nougat (aka turron, torrone) [2] 2005.12.20 NOTE: Larousse G. 1961 has French version recipe Opera candy, fudge & creams [7] FAQ Packaging (tins, wrappers, paper, boxes) 2006.12.16 Pashmak (Persian Fairy Floss)--references, no recipes 2010.01.27 Payday 2007.04.11 Peanut brittle--see: brittle Pecan balls [2] 2005.08.08 Peggy Ann Candies (Des Moines IA) 2004.07.14 Penny candy [4] 2003.09.23 FAQ Penuche (Panoche) 2006.03.16 Peppermint pig--see: peppermint sticks Peppermint sticks [3] 2003.11.12 Pie tin with tiny spoon [2] 2012.08.25 not found Pop Rocks (Space Dust, Cosmic Candy, Increda Bubble) 2008.06.16 FAQ Popcorn balls (includes caramel corn) [4] 2004.02.01 Potato (aka Needham's) 2002.12.20 Irish potato candy [6] 2005.01.10 FAQ Pralines (sugared almonds) [4] FAQ Pralines, Belgian (chocolate creams) 2005.01.25 Ribbon candy [3] 2004.05.10 Rock candy [9] 2004.04.19 FAQ Root beer barrel hard candies (not found; sent candy & root beer faqs...both medicinal heritage) Salt water taffy [3] 2004.10.29 FAQ Scotch kisses 2005.12.30 Seafoam candy--see: Sponge candy Silver dragees (cake decorations) 2005.04.25 FAQ Smarties 2005.01.16 S'mores (Hershey) 2005.10.04 Starburst [2] 2005.08.16 Stejr's Candy Kitchen--see: Jerome's Snow candy (aka wax sugar) 2005.03.31 Sponge candy [5] 2006.03.21 FAQ Sugar mice (also sugar angels) [3] 2004.12.27 Sugarplums [2] 2004.02.04 FAQ Swedish fish 2004.06.24 Sweetmeats [FAQ] Tablet (Scotland) 2008.05.15 FAQ Taffy, toffee & caramel (see also salt water taffy) [14] [FAQ] American Toffee (crunchy) 2011.02.05 Tamarindo 2005.04.18 Tic Tacs 2006.05.11 Tobacco candy (aka rose candy) [3] 2006.08.01 Tootsie rolls 2001.04.01 Leo Hirsfield (company founder)--photo? 2008.10.14 Treats (Bassett/Cadbury) 2010.02.25 Turkish delights (lumps of delight) [5] 2003.11.20 FAQ Turtles (chocolate, caramel & nuts) [2] 2005.11.08 Twix (Mars) 2006.05.11 Up-To-Date Candy Manufacturing Company 2009.12.30 Vanilla chocolate/white chocolate--see: chocolate FAQ Vinegar candy 2012.02.02 Washington, Martha candy [4] 2003.12.13 Watermelon slices, coconut flavored [2] --see: oldtimecandy.com Wax candy (syrup filled, harmonicas, lips, Nik-l-Nips etc.) 2006.02.24 Werther's Original 2009.05.28 York Peppermint Patty 2011.05.23 Candy cane cookies--see: cookies Canned food & can openers [10] 2004.05.10 can sizes, USA, 1960s 2010.02.13 canned corn--see: corn canned nuts--see: nuts coatings inside of food cans 2008.05.03 First canned food in America [3] 2005.03.09 1860 2002.08.25 No. 2 cans (when in use) 2011.02.08 "10 cent" 004.02.09 Vaccuum packed (Amanda Jones) 2005.12.20 vegetables--how long can they last? 2002.10.12 Canneloni (pasta shape) [2] 2003.02.01 Cannoli [6] 2006.10.28 FAQ Canola oil--see: oils Canteloupe--see: curcurbits Canterbury tales--see: literature & food Cape Breton pork pies--see: pie Capers [10] 2004.03.08 FAQ Capezzoli di Venere--see: candy Capri Sun juice pouches 2006.10.02 Cappucchino--see: coffeeberry Caramel--see: candy Caramel apples--see: candy Caramel cake--see:cakes Caramel pudding--see:pudding Caramelizing vs carmelizing [2] 2002.12.07 Carbohydrate lesson plans 2000.10.16 Carbonade 2007.10.22 Carbonated drinks, first 2004.11.18 Carbonated water/carbonic acid--see:siphon bottles Cardamom 2007.10.27 Cardillo--see: countries, Philippines Cardinal sauce--see: sauces Cardoon (aka wild artichoke) [3] 2006.05.28 FAQ Careme, Antonin--see: chefs Cariboo Gold Rush (Yukon) see: countries Carmen (consomme)--see:soup Carnation instant breakfast 2010.11.15 Carnation instant milk--see: milk Carne asada [6] 2003.06.07 Carob 2006.05.01 Caroz (plant?) 2005.03.09 Carpaccio 2008.10.21 Carpetbag steak--see: steak Carrifruit salad--see: salad Carrot cake, Argovia--see: cake Carrot sticks--see: carrots Carrots FAQ Carrot sticks (raw) 2014.05.16 Pennies from Heaven (aka copper pennies, glazed carrots) [2] 2011.03.26 Cartocci & tatu (Sicilian Day of the Dead foods) 2003.06.14 Cashew chicken--see: chicken Cashews 2004.10.30 FAQ Cassareep--see: cassava Cassata--see: cake Cassava (manioc, yuca) 2012.12.12 FAQ (see also: tapioca FAQ) Cassareep 2012.12.12 FAQ Casseroles [11] FAQ Broccoli, cheese & rice 2001.03.11 Broccoli rice [2] 2004.10.04 Cleveland, OH 2002.10.22 Cocotte 2007.06.13 Green bean [5] 2003.12.31 FAQ Green bean amandine (green bean almondine) [4] 2005.11.22 FAQ Hash brown casserole 2004.11.03 Hot dish 2005.09.28 Johnny Marzetti (aka baked spaghetti casserole, Roman Holiday) [4] 2006.11.6 FAQ King Ranch--see: chicken overnight breakfast 2002.11.22 Tuna noodle casserole 2005.09.14 FAQ Tuna potato chip/1950s 2004.05.07 Cassia (like cinnamon) 2011.03.23 Cassoulet [2] 2004.01.20 Castella--see: cakes Cat sticks--see: cats as food Catalan cream 2012.01.23 Catawba peoples--see: Native Americans Catering [4] FAQ SEE ALSO: CHEFS, COOKS Afro-American owned FAQ First Joshua Bown Smith [Boston] NYC, 1890s 2008.02.16 WWII America 2002.11.08 Catfish--see: fish Cathead biscuits--see: biscuits Cats as food 2011.03.09 Catsup--see: ketchup Cauliflower [2] 2004.08.04 Caviar [7] 2004.04.05 Gironde, France 2005.11.13 Cayenne pepper--see: peppers Celeriac 2007.11.29 Celery [2] 2005.11.20 in egg salad (why?) 2003.07.21 9th course (Titanic) 2004.03.23 stuffed 2004.12.09 see also: Ants on a Log FAQ Celiac disease (when discovered) 2010.01.21 Centerpieces (for cakes) 2003.07.28 Cereal, first sugared 2004.01.17 Cerelose--see: corn syrup Cervelas--see: sausages Ceviche [3] 2014.02.13 FAQ Chafing dish 2007.03.10 Chalkboard (slates) for food signage 2010.10.04 Challah--see: bread Chalupa [4] 2004.02.25 Champaign cake (aka champagne cake)--see: cakes Changing the lady--see: chefs-chef wear Chanpuru (Okinawa) 2004.06.01 Chantilly cream--see: cream of chantilly Chapli kebabs (Pakistan) 2010.10.04 Char kway teow (Malaysian street food) 2006.08.25 Char-su pork 2003.09.05 Charcoal (as a cooking fuel) 2006.11.27 Charcuterie [3] 2004.04.19 Austria 2004.05.27 Sauce--see: sauces=charcuterie Chard--see: Swiss chard Charged water--see: water Chargers (service plates) [3] 2004.07.01 Charlotte peach [2] 2003.03.21 Charlotte russe [3] 2004.10.28 Chateau Domecq--see: wine Chateaubriand 2004.05.31 FAQ Chaucer--see: literature & food Chaud froid (fancy meat coverings) 2008.03.10 Chayote (choko) [2] 2006.01.24 FAQ Checkerboard cake--see: cakes Cheddar cheese with apple pie--see: cheese Cheddarwurst--see: sausages-bratwurst Cheerios 2001.11.27 Cheese [6] 2006.10.07 1AD southern Europe/Middle east (Jesus birth) 2013.09.30 (pages from books) Colonial USA 2013.09.11 19th century USA 2008.10.06 19th century England (popular) 2004.09.08 American 2006.09.26 Asiago 2007.11.09 Bakers cheese 2011.10.14 Bleu cheese [2] 2002.12.08 Bleu vs Blue 2006.10.26 Bleu cheese crackers--see: crackers New Zealand bleu cheese 2004.09.30 Borden Pot Cheese Country Style & Borden's Country Cheese (10 lb tins) 2012.05.23 Boursin [3] 2010.11.11 Brie [3] 2005.05.26 Camembert 2008.11.26 Cantal 2005.11.17 Cheddar [3] 2003.10.07 Cheddar with apple pie 2003.07.23 FAQ Cheese balls [5] 2003.12.02 cheese in a jar [1949 Death of a Salesman, Kraft swankyswig] [3] 2004.02.17 Cheese puffs [6] (snack food) 2004.06.07 FAQ Cheese sauce--see: sauces Cheese straws [3] 2004.06.21 FAQ Cheez Whiz 2005.12.28 FAQ Color 2004.03.21 Cottage [2] 2004.05.03 Cream cheese FAQ Cream cheese brownies--see: brownies Easy Cheese--see: Cheez Whiz Edam 2005.11.04 Emmenthaler (Emmental) 2006.04.10 Feta [3] 2004.07.28 Fried cheese--see: cheese-mozarella cheese Fromage frais 2004.11.01 Goat [3] 2003.07.20 Gouda 2005.11.20 Head cheese--see: brawnLaughing Cow (brand) & South Beach diet 2004.05.17 Lorraine Swiss 2006.08.30 Mexico [3] 2006.04.24 Chihuahua (Mexican) [2] 2005.10.31 Cotija (Mexico) 2006.04.24 Crema (Mexico) 2006.04.24 Jalisco (Mexico) 2008.07.22 Manchego (Mexico) 2005.11.04 mold [shelf life] 2002.04.27 Monastery (monk, Benedictine) 2013.01.20 Mozzarella cheese [4] 2002.10.23 Mozzarella sticks [aka fried cheese sticks] [2] 2003.07.01 Munster (meunster) 2005.11.25 Nacho cheese 2003.07.30 Neufchatel 2005.11.25 Olomouc (Czech "stinking cheese") 2005.11.26 Pabst-ett (Pabst Brewing Company/1920s & 1930s) [2] 2005.04.17 Paneer (panir--India) 2008.10.13 Pimento (aka pimiento) [3] 2003.09.28 Process cheese vs processed cheese 2012.11.05 Provolone 2006.11.26 Pudding see: pudding-cheese Quark 2005.05.06 Ricotta [6] 2004.05.16 FAQ (cannoli) Rondele [1] 2010.11.11 Roquefort (& Roquefort dressing) 2005.02.16 Snack Mate (Nabisco) & other "squeese cheese" see: cheez whiz U.S. (How arrived) 2004.02.09 Velveeta 2000.08.04 Cheesecake--see: cakes Cheesecake House (Philadelphia)--see: cakes, cheesecake, Philadelphia Cheesewurst--see: sausages-bratwurst Cheez Doodles--see: crackers Cheez Whiz--see: cheese Cheez-its--see: crackers Chef Boy-Ar-Dee & What's Cooking radio program 2005.10.27 Chef oil--see: oils Chef's salad--see: salads Chef's table--see: restaurants Chef's uniforms--see: chefs-chef wear Chefs [5] 2004.10.10 SEE ALSO: COOKS Careme, Antonin [2] 2004.03.08 books in English? [2] 2004.11.21 cake decorations--see: cake George IV service 2008.12.05 quote...'five arts' 2001.03.19 Chef medallions (medals) 2013.05.05 (paper copy) Chef rivalries 2003.07.17 Chef wear (toques, checked pants, etc.) [5] 2004.01.27 Changing the lady--origin & meaning? not found (CIA consulted) possibly changing breast flaps on jacket? 2007.07.26 modern changes (late 20th/early 21st centuries) 2011.01.09 Ribbons on chef jackets 2008.05.04 Cussy, Marquis de (Napoleon/Dunand) 2008.07.12 DeMarco (Charles I/ice cream) 2011.03.29 employment & earnings (USA)--see: cooks Escoffier (in New York) 2007.06.21 history of profession/why men? 2003.10.13 Melah, Valentino (chef to President Grant) 2007.04.27 Monte, Maggirino (Buffalo NY Staler Hotel) 2013.10.18 New York Chefs Association 2012.03.01 & 2012.07.14 NYC--cookbook (Tschirky) 2003.09.08 Personal chef (aka private chef) [2] 2009.09.08 Wade, David (Dallas TV show "The Gourmet") 2007.11.24 Chekhov's food (Three Sisters) 2003.02.21 Chelsea buns--see: bread Chelow--see: rice Cherimoya 2007.09.13 Chermoula--see: sauces--chermoula Cherokee--see: Native Americans Cherries [8] 2004.03.08 FAQ Cherries Jubilee [10] FAQ Christmas cherries 2013.11.23 FAQ Green maraschino 2004.12.01 Maraschino [4] 2003.07.30 FAQ Monterosa 2004.01.04 pie--see:pie Pottage--see: pudding Chervil 2009.01.02 Cheshire pork pie--see: pies Chester cake--see: cakes Chestnuts--see: nuts Chewing gum [9] FAQ Bubble gum 2002.01.28 Black Jack brand 2004.04.09 Fruit Stripe gum 2013.12. (FAQ) How to make 2002.03.28 How word are printed on gumballs 2004.05.11 Milk carton novelty gum (shaped like little pebbles) 2006.05.06 Prices, 1988 2003.03.02 Sweet Wheat brand 2003.01.13 Chex Mix [16] FAQ Chia [3] 2008.12.12 FAQ Chiboust (aka creme St. Honore) 2005.07.11 Chicago Brick--see: ice cream Chicana 2014.12.05 Chicken [14] FAQ 19th century preservation see: preservation of food & the egg--which came first? 2003.11.10 & fettucini 2007.06.05 & rice [2] 2005.12.11 & waffles [3] 2003.10.28 FAQ A la king [4] FAQ Airline [2] FAQ Alfredo [2] 2004.03.14 Arroz con Polo [3] 2004.02.16 Burgundy 2004.08.07 Cacciatore--see: chasseur Cashew chicken [2] 2001.12.26 Chasseur [3 ] 2005.01.20 FAQ Chicken Barb--see: sandiwiches Chicken burgers 2011.05.04 Chicken corn soup (Pennsylvania Dutch)--see: soups Chicken Creole 2008.12.19 Chicken curry recipes (UK) 2011.10.21 (see also: Coronation chicken) Chicken egg noodle dinner (jar) [2] 2009.03.11 Chicken Elizabeth--see: Coronation Chicken Chicken in every pot (Chicken for every pot) 2012.09.13 FAQ Chicken nuggets (aka chicken fingers) [3] 2004.10.02 FAQ Chicken tartare 2011.03.02 Chicken tikka masala 2014.02.05 FAQ Chicken Wellington 2012.12.08 FAQ Cornflake chicken (coated) [AKA Corn crisped chicken] 2008.01.22 Croquettes (Howard Johnson's) [2] 2006.07.05 City chicken (mock chicken) [7] FAQ Coq au vin [9] FAQ Cordon bleu [9] FAQ cordon bleu vs cordon rouge Coronation chicken [3] 2005.09.18 Country Captain FAQ Demidof 2008.02.03 Dumplings FAQ Empress chicken--see: General Tso's chicken Fajitas [3] FAQ Francese (aka francise) [6] 2003.06.10 FAQ Fricassee [3] 2006.03.22 Escoffier's recipe 2011.04.13 Fried chicken [24] FAQ Batter fried 2009.01.22 (added to faq) Kansas vs Kentucky styles 2003.07.10 Market data & consumption 2008.02.10 Frontier chicken 2006.04.26 General Tso's 2005.09.25 FAQ Grilled chicken salad--see: salads Hainanese chicken rice 2007.02.09 Jamaican jerk chicken [3] 2006.04.21 FFAQ Jerusalem 2008.01.08 Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) [2] 2004.03.16 Hawaiian restaurants 2006.01.26 Original site/museum 2004.05.26 Kiev [2] 2005.07.18 FAQ King Ranch chicken [2] 2003.10.24 FAQ Kung Po (Kung Pao) 2005.08.18 Lollipops 2007.01.18 Lynden Chicken & Noodle Dinner--see: Chicken egg noodle dinner (jar) Marengo [2] 2005.03.26 FAQ Maryland [2] 2006.07.27 meat production, USA, commercial 2012.05.10 noodle soup--see: soup Orange chicken (Asian) [3] 2004.10.07 Paprika (Hungarian) 2004.11.18 Parmesan/parmigiana [4] 2005.01.26 FAQ Pollo Aguascalientes (Mexican dish) 2007.09.26 Pollo Loco (chain restaurant)--copycat recipes on Internet Pot pie--see: pies-pot pie Poussin (little chickens) 2003.07.20 Provencale 2005.04.22 Ranch style 2000.11.29 Roast 2006.04.02 salad--see: salad sandwich (first fast food menu item)--see: restaurants- Chick-Fil-A Satay--see: satay schmaltz (shmalz, chicken or goose fat) 2011.12.10 Sesame chicken [2] 2005.05.26 Stroganoff (Brazil) 2005.03.17 Tetrazzini--see:Tetrazzini Vesuvio 2008.03.28 Wiggle--see: shrimp, wiggle word origin 2005.04.21 Chicken bones--see: candy Chicken fried steak--see: country fried steak Chicken haddie (canned fish: haddock) 2005.02.27 Chicken Jerusalem--see: chicken, Jerusalem Chicken of the Sea--see: tuna Chicken tikka malsala--see: chicken Chickling 2002.09.16 Chicory 2005.12.19 instant beverage (1960s) not identified Chicos--see: corn Chiffon cake--see: cakes Chiffon margarine--see: margarine Chiffon pie--see: pies Chilaquiles--see: eggs-migas Children's menus--see: menus Chile Burros--see: burritos Chilean sea bass/endangered status 2004.01.23 Chili [2] 2002.02.19 A&P recipe on bean can--A&P cannot provide, not found Chili & chocolate--see: Aztec FAQ Chili & cinnamon rolls 2010.10.27 Chili & cornbread 2007.04.18 Chili bricks (prepared foods, different brands) 2009.10.28 Chili cheese fries--see: potatoes-french fries Chili con carne [2] FAQ Chili Dogs (1st) 2004.03.10 Chili powder 2007.11.08 fire houses & chili cookoffs 2003.10.30 $20,000 contest winner 2003.09.24 Chili crab (Malaysia street food) 2006.08.27 Chili peppers--see: peppers Chili powder--see: chili Chili rellenos--see: peppers Chili Sauce (Beechnut)--see: Beechnut Chili verde 2007.04.09 Chimichangas FAQ Chimichurri 2005.04.09 China box 2003.07.27 China chews (aka Chinese chews)--see: cookies Chinampas--see: Aztecs Chinese-American food [5] FAQ Chinese chicken salad--see:salads Chinese food in Paris--see: restaurants Chinese New Year foods--see: holidays Chinese pie--see:pies-shepherd's pie Chinese pretzel--see: cookies Chinese take out packaging--see: food packaging Chinese buffet--see: restaurants Chinese restaurants--see: restaurants Chinois (bouillon strainer) 2003.10.24 Chipmunk pie--see: pie Chipolata--see: sausages Chipotle --see: peppers Chipped beef & cream see: shito on a shingle Chipwich--see: ice cream Chitterlings/chilins [3] 2004.02.10 Chives 2007.03.27 Chivito--see: sandwiches Cho cho bars--see: ice cream Chock Full O'Nuts restaurants 2004.01.10 Chocolate [5] FAQ Aztec flavorings (inclucing chocolate & chili) 2006.04.01 beverage--Kayo Chocolate Drink (like Yoohoo) [3] 2006.12.07 boiling chocolate (double boiler, boiling shaved chocolate) 2014.08.12 cake--see: cake conching 2011.07.21 FAQ Chocolate candy [2] 2003.08.21 Chocolate candy bars 2008.02.27 prices 2002.12.12 Chocolate coins [2] 2007.10.23 Chocolate molds 2007.02.16 Chocolate panning process 2012.06.18 Chocolate salami (aka chocolate sausage) 2010.08.17 Code (industry-wide, to tell what is inside) 2006.12.19 medicinal properties [flavonoids] 2006.03.02 truffles [7] FAQ Valentines Day [3] 2003.01.30 Chocolate covered ants 2005.11.06 FAQ cherries 2002.11.16 garlic pills--see: prseidents, Eleanor Roosevelt graham crackers--see: cookies pretzels (2) 2006.05.31 FAQ saltines strawberries [2] 2004.05.31 cheese cake--see: cake Chocoalte chip cake--see: cake Chocolate chip cookies--see: cookies Chocolate mint chip ice cream--see: ice cream Easter chocolate--see: Easter gianduja--see: Nutella gravy [5] 2003.09.15 hot chocolate & cocoa (beverages) cocoa-Aztecs [2] FAQ cocoa party menus (Victorian era) 2010.02.18 with marshmallows [2] 2003.10.11 ice cream--see: ice cream Jewish importation 2003.07.27 Marquis de Sade 2013.03.28 Marquise au chocolat [3] 2004.02.29 Milk 2006.07.07 mousse [9] FAQ Nutella (chocolate hazelnut spread) [3] 2006.11.12 pain au chocolat--see: bread pie--see: pies Powdered (cocoa) 2003.11.19 shakes 2002.05.14 souffle--see: souffle Swiss Miss cocoa 2006.02.09 Syrup 2003.09.01 unsweetened chocolate 2010.08.01 white FAQ Chokeberries (aronia) 2014.08.08 Choko--see: chayote Chopped salads--see: salads Chop suey [7] FAQ See also: American chop suey Chop Suey Cake--see: cakes Polish chop suey 2012.05.01 FAQ Chopin, Fryderyk--see: famous people Chopped liver--see: liver Chopsticks [3] 2004.07.07 Georgia (manufacturer) 2012.01.26 Chorizo--see: sausages Choron sauce--see: sauces Choux--see: pastry (French) Chow (as a synoym for food) 2003.10.04 Chow chow--see: pickles Chow fun (faan) 2003.08.04 Chow mein [3] FAQ Chowder--see: soup Christian foods 2003.09.17 Christmas FAQ Christmas cake--see: cake-Yule Christmas foods FAQ Christmas menus (USA) FAQ Chruschiki--see: doughnuts Chuck--see: beef Chuckwagon restaurant--see: restaurants Chuckwagons & beans--see: beans Chufa [2] 2007.01.07 Chunky (candy) see: candy-chunky Churchkeys 2004.03.19 Churros [7] 2004.03.29 FAQ Chutney [4] 2005.03.16 Ciabatta--see: bread Cider--see: apples Cigarette paste 2004.06.15 Cinco de Mayo--see: holidays Cinnabon (company) 2009.04.23 Cinnamon [4] 2003.11.16 see also: cassia Cinnamon pickles--see: pickles Cinnamon rolls (aka sticky buns, schnecken) [9] FAQ Cinnamon rolls served with chili--see:chili Cinnamon toast [2] 2005.02.25 FAQ Circus foods (18th & 19th century, American) 2007.03.23 Citron--see: Buddha's hand City chicken (mock chicken) see: chicken Civil war foods--see: Countries, U.S. Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) 2007.07.09 Clafoutis [3] 2005.05.02 FAQ Claire, Mabel (cook book author) 2010.10.19 Clam bake [2] 2003.11.30 New England (why egg?) 2008.06.20 Ohio 2004.11.26 Clams 2005.10.13 Clam sticks (Mrs. Pauls) 2008.09.18 Clams casino [5] 2004.04.06 FAQ Claridge canned hamburgers--see: hamburgers Clarification & eggs--see: eggs Classical cuisine Classical European cooking [4] 2003.10.26 Classical, modern & future cuisine 2001.09.01 Demise of classical cuisine, 1950--present, USA 2013.08.03 Clay cookery for baking & bread see: bread Cleveland's Baking Powder Company 2002.05.30 Cloche service--see: service Clotted cream--see: cream Cloverleaf rolls (aka clover leaf rolls)--see: bread Cloves 2004.01.14 Club Aluminum--see: waterless cooking Club bars (Jacob's) 2003.02.06 Club sandwich---see sandwiches Cobbler--see: pie Coca Cola cake ( & 7Up cake)--see: cakes Cocada--see: pudding Cochineal (food coloring) [2] 2005.10.18 Cochinita pibil--see: pork, cochinita pibil Cochinitos--see: cookies Cock-a-leekie [2] 2005.01.29 FAQ (soups) Cocktails--see: alcoholic beverages Cocoa--see: chocolate, hot Cocomalt [3] 2005.02.26 Coconuts [4] FAQ Cocotte--see: casseroles CocoWheats (chocolate flavored cream of wheat cereal) 2004.01.08 Cod fish balls--see: fish-fish balls Coddled eggs--see: eggs Coffee [2] 2003.02.03 Brewing techniques/17th & 18th century France 2004.06.08 cake --see: cake Cappucchino 2011.02.28 chicory (substitute)--see: chicory Civil War & cowboy coffee (focus on substitutes) [3] 2003.06.30 FAQ Coffee houses--see: restaurants Coffee klatches 2001.03.14 Colonial/early American brewing methods 2005.12.14 Eggshells (clarification) FAQ ice cream flavor--see: ice cream iced coffee 2012.07.21 FAQ instant 2002.06.25 Irish coffee 2007.06.22 Kaffee Hag [General Foods brand] 2010.08.18 Keoke coffee 2010.01.13 Mazagran [Elizabeth David] 2010.05.09 Maxim (freeze dried) 2008.04.21 Spanish, in Oregon 2005.11.16 Taster's Choice (label lawsuit) 2009.09.30 Waldorf Astoria brand (Savarin) 2009.08.10 Coffee can bread--see: bread Coffee cream (confecioners' ingredient) 2009.01.07 Coffins (pie crust) [2] 2004.01.16 Colcannon FAQ Cold boiled-see: beef Cold cuts [3] 2006.10.10 Cold shape 2009.02.16 Cole slaw [6] FAQ Collard greens--see: greens College food service-see: food service College pudding--see:puddings Colman's gravy salt (UK product) 2004.12.22 Colocassi (colocasia)--see: taro Coloring, food see:food coloring Columbia meat press 2005.12.26 Columbian exchange [6] 2004.03.05 Cool-N-Creamy Pudding--see: pudding Combination plate (Mexican-American menu choice) 2009.05.05 Comfort food [4] 2003.10.27 FAQ--revised 2014.03.31 Experts (USA, Sweden, Spain, Senegal) 2012.06.14 Community gardens--see: agriculture-urban farming Community table 2001.12.08 Complicated foods 2002.01.26 Compote [3] 2003.09.13 Concentrate (Kellogg's cereal) 2004.11.05 Conching-see: Chocolate Condiments 2006.07.19 Plastic packets--see: food packaging Conell rising--see: yeast Confectioners' sugar--see:sugar Confectionery-France-history (sources for study) 2011.10.18 Confetti--see: candy-comfits Confit 2007.01.23 Confucious--see: religion & food Consumers' Biscuit and Manufacturing Company [Brooklyn NY] 2011.04.09 Continental breakfast--see:breakfast Continental cuisine [3] 2004.11.03 Convenience foods 2003.09.09 (see also: 1950s-convenience foods) Cook, Ann Turner [original Gerber Baby]--see:baby foods-Gerber Cook books, ancient--see also: recipes, first written [4] 2004.01.01 Cook books--ealiest examples (global) 2012.01.02 Cook books--1st American published 2004.01.01 Cook books/booklets--where to buy? 2003.06.19 Food book clubs 2014.01.12 FAQ (cookbooks.html) Gluten-free 2014.03.02 Ladies Indispensable Assistant, E. Hutchinson (author identification) 2013.05.02 manuscript cook books (how to date & prepare for publication) 2013.11.11 People's Cook Book/Jennie Taylor (1882) 2007.03.02 Cook/Chill meals 2003.09.11 Cook Island foods--see: countries Cookers--see: kitchens Cookie exchanges 2004.12.10 Cookie tables (Pittsburgh) 2003.06.13 Cookies [12] FAQ 4 in 1 Cookie Dough (Kraft) 2007.12.07 6 Way Butter Cookies (Pillsbury) 2007.12.07 Afghan (from Australia/New Zealand) 2004.07.27 Alfajores 2004.05.17 Almond Almond paste cookies/pine nut cookies [2] 2000.08.25 Almond tile [2] 2002.12.15 Chinese almond cookies 2009.10.27 Ammonia [5] FAQ Angel (Italian, Christmas, not shaped like angels) 2011.12.18 Anginette 2006.01.18 Animal crackers [6] FAQ Animal crackers in my soup/Shirley Temple song 2013.10.19 FAQ Animal with pink icing [7] 2004.08.17 Cowboy & Indian (Nabisco, packaged like Animal crackers) 2006.07.01 Apee 2004.12.08 Applejacks 2003.09.16 Applesauce cookies--see: cakes-applesauce Bagelach 2006.08.04 Baronet (Nabisco) 2004.09.28 Benne cookies (benne wafers, sesame cookies, South Carolina) [2] 2004.03.11 Biscotti [2] FAQ Bizcochito recipe 2001.11.19 Bizcochitos [2] FAQ Black & whites [3] 2003.04.29 Bocaditos de meil de abeja (honey drops, Latin America) 2005.10.16 Bourbon cream bsicuits (UK) [2] 2007.05.15 Brown sugar cookies--see: German molasses cookies Butter balls (sugar & nut cookies) 2003.02.06 Butter cookies (Nabisco) 2011.03.08 Bread to keep them soft 2002.12.17 C.C. Biggs 2007.08.14 Cameo (Nabisco) 2009.03.25 Candy cane cookies (sugar cookie base) 2010.12.05 Checkerboard cookies 2006.04.29 China chews (aka Chinese Chews) [2] 2006.09.17 Chinese pretzels 2005.01.11 Choc Mint Slice (Australia) 2007.09.16 Chocolate chip [9] FAQ Chocolate chip (Toll House) 2003.06.17 Chocolate chip (Tricia Nixon) added to presidents FAQ Chocolate peanut butter bars 2007.12.14 Chocolate snaps (Nabisco) [6] FAQ Christmas 2001.12.11 Clothespin (see also: cannoli) 2003.08.22 Club bars/Jacobs 2003.02.06 Cochinitos (Piggy cookies) 2011.02.15 Coconut ridge bar (Salerno) 2009.12.30 Commodore cookies [2] 2005.03.28 Cookie brittle 2013.11.02 Cookie break (Nabisco) 2010.10.18 Cookie castle [McCalls, Dec. 1962 & Dec. 1974) 2014.02.10 Cookie decorations (FAQ for Christmas cookies) 2003.11.05 Cookie dough 2002.12.09 Cookie mixes (packaged) 2006.05.21 Cracknell 2007.12.27 Csorege (Hungarian) 2004.03.05 Custard Cream Biscuit [2] 2007.09.12 Delicia (sugar wafers) 2011.09.24 Dream bars--see: Hello Dolly Bars Empire biscuits (aka German biscuits Scotland) 2005.10.08 Empire cookies (USA) 2014.03.22 Fig Newtons [6] FAQ Fig Newtons--wasps 2002.09.17 Flapjacks (British oatmeal cookies) 2006.06.15 Fortune cookies [7] FAQ French biscuits & culture 2006.02.17 French crackers (sugar cookies) 2004.12.17 Fruitana (brand) [2] 2004.09.05 Fudge 'N Nut cookies 2006.09.19 Gallette (French Canadian/Quebec) 2005.01.30 Garibaldi biscuits (raisin cookies) [22] 2005.02.07 German molasses cookies 2002.08.26 Ghrybe (Lebanese sugar cookies) 2004.12.11 Ginger snaps [2] 2005.12.12 FAQ Gingerbread nuts (aka Ginger Nuts, Spice Nuts) 2009.01.26 FAQ Girl Scout Burry--see: Burry Company prices--see: food prices, cookies Shortbread (aka Trefoils, sugar cookies) 1970s 2008.01.22--paper only, no recipes Original 1922 recipe 2014.12.31 Thin mint 2003.02.15 Gingerbread men--famous people 2002.05.22 Golden Creams (Nabisco) 2007.05.17 Graham crackers (& chocolate-coated graham crackers) 2002.06.29 Haman's ears 2004.08.07 Happyniks [2] 2006.01.27 Hello Dolly bars (aka Magic Seven Layer Bars, Dream Bars, Hello Dollies, Hello Dolly cookies) [7] 2006.06.26 FAQ Hermit [4] 2004.10.12 Heydey (Nabisco) 2008.08.12 Hippodromes [5] 2005.09.10 Hootie Creek cookies 2011.11.17 Hydrox 2006.11.10 Ice box cookies see: refrigerator cookies Iced Fruit Cookies (Nabisco) 2015.01.09 Ideal Bars (Nabisco--Nutter Butter precursors) 2009.09.14 Indian head, clear container, red top, 1960s 2013.01.24 Jack's Cookies (aka Happy Jacks) 2009.04.09 Jam thumbprint--see: Thumbprint Japanese peanut cookies (no such thing--suggested "dessert" alternatives 2003.11.12 Jelly cookies 2001.07.19 Jingles, Salerno, holiday shaped, 2009.12.03 Johnnie Cookies (also Johnny crackers [Educator]) [5] 2006.12.01 Joe Froggers [3] 2006.07.25 Jumbals [aka gimmows, gemmels, sugar cakes, sugar cookies] [4]FAQ Chocolate Jumbles (upstate NY) 2012.01.28 Jumbo raisin cookies 2010.03.25 Kamishbrot (Ukraine) 2005.01.24 Kangaroo [1950s, USA, with chocolate chips] 2014.08.19 Kiflings (kiflis, kipfels) [3] 2004.11.24 Kringla/kringle (Norway) 2004.09.23 Langues de chat FAQ Lemon bars [5 ] 2003.08.28 Lemon thins [2] 2009.10.19 Lisbon cakes 2007.05.25 Lizzies 2009.03.28 Magic Cookie Bars--see: Hello Dolly Bars Mallomars [3] 2003.04.29 FAQ Mallopuffs [Sunshine, soft vanilla cookie base, marshmallow, white or pink coconut on top, round] 2014.06 (paper files) Mama's Rings 2010.10.18 Mandelbrot [5] 2003.12.10 Maria 2005.08.12 Marshmallow sandwiches (Nabisco) [71] FAQ Marshmallow sandwiches (Sunshine) 2002.11.21 Medianyky (Russian honey cookies) 2007.10.16 Melodies Melody (Nabisco) [8] 2004.08.16 Melting moments 2008.12.08 FAQ Mexican wedding cookies [77] FAQ Moravian cookies [2] 2003.01.30 Mostaccioli 2004.11.13 Mr. Chips (Burry's) 2007.12.29 Nabisco Favorite Assortment 2009.05.14 Nanaimo bars--see: no bakes New Year's cookies, Dutch & German (lady cookies) [2] 2006.12.02 Newlyweds (Pennsylvania Dutch) 2009.01.08 Nilla Wafers [aka Vanilla wafers (Nabisco)] 2003.06.16 No bake [nobakes, no-bakes][3] 2003.10.14 Date balls (honey balls) see: candy Frogs why called in Canada? 2011.10.24 (not found) Nanaimo bars (Canadian) 2010.07.31 Recipes without oatmeal 2009.02.11 Noel [Educator brand] [2] 2009.12.10 Oatmeal [4] 2005.04.07 Oatmeal sandwich cookies (from Days of Horse and Buggy, 1908) 2012.01.23 (not found) "One bowl" method (oatmeal cookies, Quaker oats) 2008.12.15 Oreos [16] FAQ Double Stuf 2005.07.10 Ingredients--how changed 2013.11.29 (paper files) Vanilla [2] 2004.03.15 Palmiers [8] 2004.10.01 Pantry Cookies (Nabisco) [2] 2004.06.03 Peanut butter cookies [4] FAQ Pfeferneusse--see: ginger snaps Pinwheel (Nabisco) [5] 2005.07.18 Pizzelles (aka krumkake, gauffretes, belgian waffle cookies) [11] 2004.02.15 Plantation 2005.09.27 Potato chip 2011.04.08 Pumpkin (drop cookie, 1950s-1960s) 2014.05.08 Rainbow cookies (tri-colored, Italian aka Helvetia) 2009.04.16 Refrigerator (aka icebox, slice and bake) [3] 2005.12.15 Rococco (Italian cookies) recipes tucked inside Pomp & Sustenance Rock cake (aka Rock cookies, Russian Rocks) [3] 2006.09.21 Rosettes [4] 2007.01.06 Royal Dansk Luxury Wafers 2006.01.02 Rum balls [3] 2005.12.03 FAQ Rugelach [2] FAQ see also Bagelach Sable 2003.11.02 Sand tarts FAQ 2006.12.21 Sandwich cakes 2003.11.16 Sandwich cremes with lemon filling 2007.02.15 (not yet found) Santa's whiskers 2003.03.12 Saratoga Flakes (Nabisco) 2006.06.08 Schenkeles (Alsatian fried cinnamon cookies) 2006.05.21 Scooter pies [9] 2004.09.13 NOTE: pies currently sold in FoodTown Sesame seeds (Italian & Greek)--see: sesame seeds Seven layer [2] 2005.11.12 Seven layer bars--see: Hello Dolly Bars Shortbread [31] FAQ Millionaire's shortbread 2007.03.12 Snaps (Nabisco) [4] FAQ (w/marshmallow sandwich cookies) Snickerdoodles [3] FAQ Sour cream (drop cookies with chocolate chips, 1950s) 2014.05.08 Spritz [3] 2005.04.07 Stained glass window cookies 2005.01.03 Stroopwafels 2004.04.14 Sturbridge spice 2001.04.14 Sugar wafers Biscos etc. [2] 2011.10.20 Sultanas 2006.01.13 Swastika (Pacific Coast Biscuit Company/Nabisco) 2009.03.22 Swedish Cream Wafers 2009.04 21 Swiss Nuts 2011.11.09 Tarallucci (Italian biscuit rings) 2011.06.15 Tea cakes caloric values 2002.11.19 definition [2] 2004.09.06 Russian tea cakes [12] FAQ Tennessee tea cakes 2005.09.21 Thimble cookies--see: Thumbprint cookies Thin Mints/Girl Scout 2003.02.15 Thumbprint [5] 2004.01.13 Toll House--see: chocolate chip Tom Thumb bars (aka Dream bars) [2] 2006.03.19 Tortas de aceite (olive wafers, Spain) 2008.04.08 Tourists 2013.05.28 (see paper file for newspaper ads & 1913 recipe) Tray bakes--see: lemon bars (bar cookies) True Blue Sandwich Cookies (Sunshine) 2008.07.31 Twilight Desserts (Wisconsin) 2010.03.19 Vanilla wafers--see: Nilla wafers Victoria sandwich 2003.12.30 Wheaties tingalings (also Kix bars) 2012.01.23 White Christmas Slice (Australia/Christmas biscuit) 2007.12.26 Whoopie pies [2] 2004.08.21 (See also: Moon pies, link from FT) Yes Yes [2] 2004.12.20 Yum yums (cookies) [4] 2004.01.19 Cookie vs. Cooky (spelling variation) 2008.09.02 Cookies & Cream--see: ice cream "Cooking from scratch"--see: scratch Cooking-why started (Prehistoric) [18] 2003.10.23 Cooking contests [2] 2003.03.25 Cooking schools see: schools-cooking Cooking shows (television-1970s) [3] 2007.04.23 Cooking techniques through time [2] 2003.12.08 Cooking utensils (research sources, American) 2007.02.08 Cooks SEE ALSO: CHEFS Ancient Rome 2005.05.22 Colonial America (taverns & inns) 2011.04.29 contribution to civilization 2004.04.28 employment & earnings (USA) 2011.11.29 "scientific cooks" [1840s] 2010.05.14 Cool Whip (inventor) 2005.10.24 Cooters (box turtles) 2003.09.16 Copha 2006.10.29 FAQ Copper pennies--see: carrots Copyright--see: recipes-copyright Coq au vin--see: chicken Coquille St. Jacques [2] 2005.02 18 Cordials--see: alcoholic beverages Cordon bleu--see: chicken Corn [3] 2003.09.05 Corn (maize) v. Corn (grains) [3] 2004.11.26 Corn (elementary homeschool sources) 2002.11.06 Africa, introduction 2006.05.14 arepas (South American corn bread) [2] 2007.01.09 canning corn (early methods) 2010.02.08 chicos (roasted immature corn) 2013.11.6 chowder--see: soup corn bread [35] FAQ & World War I 2003.10.22 corn dodgers 2006.08.20 (paper only) corn flour (British recipes, Miss Marple era) 2012.09.15 corn fritters 2003.11.25 corn soup--see: soups cornmeal, self-raising--see:flour, self-raising cornmeal mush [3] 2002.01.10 creamed corn 2007.08.12 genetic changes 2003.12.09 hoe cakes--really cooked on hoes? 2005.01.31 Johnnie cakes 2003.11.07 masa (ground corn meal) 2012.03.15 Mazamorra 2006.02.05 Nixtamalizaton (& hominy) 2011.10.18 oil--see: oil-corn polenta [5] 2004.05.20 FAQ pone & hoe cakes FAQ pudding--see: pudding scalloped [2] 2002.11.25 Spoon bread [2] 2002.09.28 stick pans 2003.07.02 white 2002.02.12 Corn Bill--see: Corn Willie Corn crisped chicken--see: chicken, cornflake Corn Diggers (Nabisco)--see: crackers Corn dogs [15] FAQ suppliers 2002.10.08 How to make? [3] 2004.03.08 Pronto pups FAQ Corn flakes 2006.05.16 Corn flake crumbs [Kellogg's] 2011.09.03 Corn Soya (Kellogg's product) 2007.04.16 Corn syrup & hugh fructose corn syrup [4] 2004.01.15 Cerelose 2009.03.11 Corn Willie (soldier term, corned beef) 10.08.2008 Corned beef [11] FAQ Broadcast brand corned beef 2006.07.01 ethnic origins (Jewish? Irish?) 2002.01.06 tins [2] 2003.06.25 Cornish sardines--see: fish Cornsalad--see: lettuce-lamb's lettuce Cornstarch (aka corn starch corn-starch maizena) [4] 2006.02.08 FAQ Chinese foods 2005.12.21 sheet of cornstarch (aka paper of cornstarch 19th century weight/measure) FAQ Coronation chicken--see: chicken Corton--see: creton Cosmic Candy--see: candy, Pop Rocks Cottage cheese--se:cheese Cottage food laws (US, 20th century) 2010.09.08 Cottage ham--see: ham Cottage pie (aka shepherd's pie) FAQ Cottage pudding--see: pudding Cotton candy--see:candy Cottosuet (compound cottonseed oil & lard) 2009.02.27 Coulibiac [5] 2003.10.02 Count of Monte Cristo/Dumas (party menu) see: literature & food Country & ethnic cuisine Afghanistan 2004.01.04 Africa 2004.10.20 Ancient civilizations: Khoisan, Kush, Bantu, Axum, Nok 2005.11.13 Khoisan (KhoiKhoi) 2007.07.23 Albania 2004.01.26 Algeria 2004.02.22 Argentina [2] 2004.12.09 See also: asado Armenia [2] 2004.03.05 see also: lavash (FAQ) & matkanash (bread) Australia [9] 2004.03.08 1820s-1860s (common Anglo foods) [3] 2012.04.03 1850s Gold Rush Ballarat Victoria 2011.08.31 1870s 2002.08.31 1950-present [2] 2010.06 American food 2004.02.23 Camp pie--see: meats Christmas food--see: Holidays-Christmas fast food 2003.01.25 fried rice [2] FAQ Greek food 2005.08.31 Italian food [2] 2004.08.12 Malaysian food 2013.06.01 Meat pies--see: pies Restaurants--see: Restaurants, Australia Spanish food 2006.09.03 Thai food 2004.07.10 Turkish foods 2004.04.04 Austria 1700s (Baroque Vienna) 2005.01.11 1800s (Franz Josef I) 2008.06.19 Babylonia/Mesopotamia [6] 2004.03.24 Bahamas [3] 2004.04.26 Barbados [2] 2002.02.23 Belgium [5] 2004.10.05 Belgian foods in America--see: United Dtates Bohemia 925AD 12.21.06 Bolivia 2004.06.07 Botswana 2004.01.26 Brazil African influence (desserts in particular) 2008.01.19 Chicken stroganoff--see: chicken Churrascuarias--see: beef Fejoiada & caipirinha (national food & drink) [2] 2004.08.11 Bulgaria [3] 2002.05.17 Burundi 2004.04.05 Byzantine Empire 2003.11.01 bread--see: bread Canada (general) [5] 2004.07.27 1900s-menus 2003.04.14 1900s--wealthy vs poor dinners 2007.05.02 Bread--pioneer types & methods 2008.04.30 British Columbia 2007.03.08 Butter tarts [4] 2003.12.03 Cariboo gold rush-Yukon-1865 2013.01.10 (paper only) Confederation menus (1864) 2004.08.03 New France 2003.03.21 Northwest Territories, 1860s 2007.09.15 Nova Scotia (& Cape Breton) [2] 2007.01.10 Quebec [3] 2003.12.03 Cretons 2003.11.25 Saskatchewan [4] 2005.02.04 Traditional foods for class 2003.11.10 War cake 2003.11.15 Yukon 2006.03.29 Caribbean region--general [4] 2004.03.10 Roti (Indian influence)--see: breads-roti Celtic food--Iron Age [3] 2004.04.10 feasting foods 2003.06.10 Chad 2006.04.10 Chile [2] 2004.03.31 Independence Day foods [2] 2005.12.12 China (general) [6] 2004.04.04 Confucius' period (551BC-479BC)--feasts, foods & philosophy [4] 2004.05.13 cuisine & regional influence 2002.12.28 Desserts 2005.04.15 Diet & nutrition (current issues) 2010.03.17 Ming Dynasty--see: 16th century--China Mooncakes --see: cakes, mooncakes Sweet and sour pork 2004.02.13 Tableware & dining implements 2007.02.18 Chinese/American foods--see: countries: United States Colombia [4] 2001.11.29 Cook Island foods (Polynesia) 2003.08.31 Costa Rica [2] 2004.01.27 Crete, ancient Minoans (2900BC-1400BC) [3] 2004.06.06 Croatia 2003.08.11 Cuba [5] 2003.10.23 Christmas foods--see: holiday foods Cuban bread--see: bread Czechoslovakia [see also: kolache] [3] 2004.09.28 Denmark [3] 2006.02.12 Apple cake--see: cakes Iron Age/Beowulf 2004.09.23 Djibouti 2004.04.09 Dominican Republic [3] 2004.01.17 Dutch--see: Netherlands East African 2001.11.26 Ecuador [2] 2004.02.12 Egypt [8] 2004.02.22 beef (Ancient) 2002.03.18 bread (as payment) 2002.11.20 Cleopatra's food & Pharaoh's feasts [6] 2004.01.27 date cakes (ancient)--see: cake fig cakes (ancient)--see: cake ful mudammas (national dish) 2007.03.22 melokhia (see: Jew's Mallow) Europe, culinary history sources 2003.09.16 Fiji 2004.02.22 Finland [2] 2004.10.15 France (general) [14] FAQ 12th century 2004.09.19 14th century 2010.07.15 16th century foods 2003.12.03 Louis XIV [2] FAQ 17th century 2003.03.2 18th century: Revolution foods FAQ 19th century France 2004.03.10 1830s Paris--see: Famous People, Chopin 1889 Universal Exposition--see: world's fairs Burgundy region 2008.10.10 Dordogne (prehistoric) 2004.04.26 Mediterranean region 2003.11.02 Paris 2003.01.27 Chinese food 2007.06.08 Seige of Paris--see: Zoo animals as food Provence 2003.05.07 Versaille (kitchens) 2008.01.17 Georgia 2007.01.15 Germany (general) [8] FAQ 16th century 2004.05.11 17th century Christmas [Baroque] 2003.12.06 19th-20th century average foods & meals (turn of the century) 2010.7.23 German-American 2003.10.01 Greece [6] 2002.01.06 Alexander the Great (330BC) 2003.07.18 ancient [6] 2004.04.14 classic era 500-300BC 2001.01.21 Crete/Minoans--see: Crete Impact on American cuisine 2003.09.24 Sparta (ancient) [2] 2005.04.10 Guatemala, present [3] 2003.07.18 Guyana 2003.10.15 Honduras (general) [2] 2003.12.09 Hungary 2006.11.07 19th century (Franz Josef I) 2008.06.19 see also: cookies-csorege Iceland 2006.05.11 India general [6] 2003.11.17 ancient [2] 2002.09.16 bread--see: breads Christmas foods--see: holidays, Christmas dahl (dal)--see: dal Himachal Pradesh (region) 2009.02.16 korma--see: korma Indonesia [2] 2005.03.12 Iran (Persia) [4] 2008.09.26 Ireland FAQ fulachta fiadh [cooking vessels] 2010.05.05 funeral biscuits--see: funeral foods meat eating (ancient) 2009.12.22 oyster stew--see: oysters post famine 2012.10.24 Yellowman (yallaman)--see: candy-Irish Italy cuisine/order of service 2001.10.28 Ancient Roman [7] 2004.05.08 FAQ Christmas foods 2004.05.12 food-general & history [16] FAQ food-regional 2001.05.30 Impact on American food [2] 2003.09.24 14th century [2] 2003.09.15 National dish? 2008.10.08 1914-1918 soldier foods 2004.04.10 Pre-Columbian Exchange 2003.12.19 Renaissance food 2003.04.20 Renaissance-18th century 2003.10.22 Roman cuisine (alla romana) tradtional modern 2012.05.30 Tuscan cuisine 2007.08.12 Jamaica [2] 2004.07.01 Japan 2003.09.14 1920s 2001.03.38 Beef consumption--see: beef, kobe Bread & cake 2006.01.08 Desserts [2] 2004.09.13 Hanami--see: holidays Japanese cuisine in Europe (diffusion) 2013.04.10 Japanese restaurants in the USA--see: restaurants Jomon period (late) [2] 2003.01.20 feudal era [2] 2002.08.05 Mexican foods (tacos, esp.) 2007.10.10 Surimi--see: crab Jordan 2005.01.12 Kenya, (including Maasai) [3] 2004.05.03 Current food prices (staple foods) 2006.05.13 Korea [1] 3.14.06 kimchee (kimchi) 2012.02.21 rice cakes 2004.09.29 Laos, Hmong 2004.03.20 Lebanon 2004.05.10 Christmas foods 2004.12.11 Libya [2] 2004.11.16 Lichtenstein 2006.02.12 Lithuania Wedding foods 2006.11.10 Madagascar [3] 2005.02.18 Mali (medieval) 2004.02.29 Malaysia (including Nonya) [3] 2006.01.31 see also: laksa, satay, nasi goering, nasi lemak Malta 17th century cuisine 2007.01.23 Martinique 2003.10.19 Mesopotamia/Babylonia--see: babylonia Mexico [3] FAQ 17th century 2007.07.11 Christmas foods--see: Holiday foods Meal times & typical meals (current) [2] 2006-05.25 Mexican Wedding cookies/cakes--see: cookies Therapeutic foods & beverages 2011.06.19 Wedding feast foods [2] 2004.01.11 Middle East [2] 2002.04.29 Micronesia (Yap) 2007.10.18 Monaco 2000.04.17 Mongolia [2] 2004.03.05 Morocco [2] 2004.04.10 see also: Trid, Bastilla Namibia 2004.05.28 Netherlands [3] 2005.01.24 17th century, Leiden [2] 2004.04.13 doughnuts 2003.01.03 stroopwafels--see: cookies New Zealand 1903 2003.09.08 1950s--present 2010.06.18 Blue cheese--see: cheese Early European foods [2] 2005.03.21 Maori foods--see: Maori Muttonbird--see: muttonbird Nicaragua [3] 2004.09.16 Niger 2006.04.11 Nigeria 2013.07.20 Nomad foods 2002.09.07 Norway [5] 2003.11.04 Aquavit 2004.05.11 18th century (Babette's Feast) 2003.09.04 20th century changes in diet 2003.10.23 Pakistan [2] 2004.02.05 Panama 2005.04.15 Paraguay 2004.02.07 Persia--see: Iran Peru [2] 2004.04.16 Philippines [3] 2004.03.14 cardillo (egg battered fried fish in tomato sauce) 2009.11.22 (lumpia & adobo) [5] 2003.09.22 Phoencia--ancient & 200BC [2] 2003.09.11 Poland (general) [3] 2003.12.14 18th & 19th century foods [2] 2002.08.13 Bigos--see: stew-Bigos Polodia Jewish cuisine 2002.08.13 Polynesian food 2003.02.11 Portugal [2] 2005.05.25 16th century cakes 2003.05.15 Puerto Rico [5] 2004.02.03 Romania (also: Moldo-Wallachia, Moldova, Wallachia) [2] 2006.11.07 maenna 2003.01.26 Romany (Gypsy) food [2] 2001.02.03 Russia [2] 2004.03.29 Russia ancient cuisines 2004.05.12 Desserts 2008.03.12 English influence on cuisine 2005.05.06 Russian tea cakes--see: cookies St. Lucia 2005.04.20 St, Vincent 2006.10.17 Salvador (aka El Salvador) [2] 2003.07.21 Samoa--see: United States-American Samoa Scandinavian & Scottish cuisine 2003.08.08 Scotland [4]2004.04.28 Renaissance era--see: 16th century Scottish shortbread--see: cookies Scottish & Scandinavian cuisine 2003.08.08 Singapore Hainanese chicken rice--see: chicken Slovakia 2009.12.12 Somalia 2003.10.07 Songay (African peoples) 2004.04.14 South Africa [7] 2004.01.19 Christmas--see: holiday foods Huguenot culinary influence 2004.09.30 Spain [3] FAQ 15th century, Queen Isabella [2] 2003.07.16 16th century-present 2003.08.01 17th century 2004.10.08 19th century 2005.12.20 beer 2003.06.17 Ronda 2003.10.25 Valencia 2007.04.03 wine 2003.06.13 Sparta-see: Greece Suriname 2003.10.22 Sweden [3] 2004.05.13 17th century foodways (in English) 2011.11.15 (not found) See also: bread-Sweden (includes pastry & cakes) Switzerland 2004.05.16 Christmas food--see: Holiday food-Christmas Taiwan 2006.02.20 Tanzania (Kilwa) [2] 2004.04.04 Thailand [3] 2005.09.21 Thai restaurants in USA--see: restaurants Tibet (including butter sculture) 2004.05.16 Togo 2005.01.03 Trinidad & Tobago 2006.10.17 Tunisia 2004.11.16 Turkey (general) [6] 2004.10.25 Ottoman Empire 2004.10.28 Uganda see: Luwombo United Kingdom (general) [11] FAQ 1655 (poor people) 2004.07.16 1712 bill of fare 2010.07.19 Hosptial foods (post WWII) 2008.05.05 London-restaurants-foreign 2003.11.17 modern 2001.07.01 Norman foods FAQ Roman Britian 2004.07.26 United States Regional/ethnic cuisine--"melting pot" [3] 2003.11.21 Regional foods (general) [3] 2008.11.19 African American foods [3] 2005.03.04 general research sources 2011.12.28 Slave ship subsistence 2006.10.11 Underground railroad foods 2012.03.02 Asian cuisine (popular, contemporary) 2008.09.06 Belgian foods 2006.02.14 Cajun & Creole--see: Louisiana French cuisine introduction 2004.05.21 German-American foods [2] 2003.11.21 Greek-American foods 2004.01.06 Ellis Island foods [3] 2006.01.16 Russian foods 2009.10.25 Ethnic foodways in America 2001.04.30 1975-2003 1003.11.17 Mid-Atlantic (NY,NJ,PA) [2] 2005.09.28 Midwest 2005.07.20 Mountain [2] 2001.12.07 New England 2003.08.14 Official national food 2009.11.14 Pacific Northwest [5] 2004.10.03 Route 66 foodways 2008.09.08 Southern [2] 2005.01.17 Southern--frying traditions 2004.06.28 Southern fusion cuisine 2008.04.19 Southwest (New Southwest cuisine) [5] 2005.06.21 Spanish in America 2003.12.08 Tex-Mex [15] FAQ Thai cuisine 2006.10.13 ---------------------------- American foods: colonial subististence to contemporary convenience (issues, trends, etc.) 2008.01.31 American foods: most popular (current) 2006.12.18 American foods: traditional & modern (lists) 2003.09.12 American foods "strictly American" 2004.09.13 & 12.9.04 State foods-popular recipes FAQ State foods- Alabama [2] 2005.12.07 1918 2004.09.19 Alaska [5] 2004.03.02 Canned foods, 1924 2005.07.14 American Samoa 2007.05.15 Arizona [8] 2005.03.23 Chile burros (recipe)--see: burritos Christmas 1880s (menus & recipes) 2007.12.08 Pueblo food (Anasazi) 2003.10.03 Arkansas [8] 2004.03.24 California [5] 1849--gold rush foods and grand hotel fare (menus) [3] 2004.03.22 1912--menus & foods 2012.03.21 1930s (Grapes of Wrath) 2005.09.14 Apple Day Celebration [Julian CA] 2009.07.03 California cuisine [3] 2004.02.20 FAQ mission food (1800) [5] 2004.01.28 Napa Valley wine 2003.06.12 San Francisco 2007.07.12 State pie 2004.09.06 Colorado [20] 2004.02.26 Connecticut [5] 2003.05.07 Colonial [2] 2004.01.13 Delaware (Includes Colonial & early American periods) [7] 2005.04.13 New Castle [2] 2004.03.12 Florida [4] 2005.12.05 1903 2003.07.31 Everlades restuarants 1920s 2012.02.26 St. Augustine founding [3] 2003.09.07 Georgia [3] 2004.06.06 Colonial 2003.11.16 Sanannah, colonial 2010.09.30 Hawaii [9] 2004.05.23 Christmas foods 2004.12.15 Crack seed (snack)--see separate entry Hawaiian pie--see: pies Luau 2006.02.13 Musubi--see:rice Idaho [2] 2003.11.22 Illinois [2] 2004.11.19 Chicago stock yard/meat industry 2006.03.16 Chicago, 1920s 2003.08.29 Chicago, 1930s, Capone--see: famous people Columbian Exposition, 1893 FAQ restaurants/fair fare Indiana [4] 2004.10.01 1898 upper class menus 2003.08.24 Kansas [3] 2005.12.06 Kentucky [3] 2003.12.23 Pendennis Club, Louisville KY (recipes, Henry Bain, Old Fashioneds) 2011.07.14 Scholarly sources 2004.05.24 Louisiana 2005.12.07 Cajun & Creole cuisine (definition/description/history) 2005.05.24 New Iberia 2009.07.28 Maine 2005.08.08 Potatoes 2003.09.22 Maryland [2] 2006.03.19 19th century popular foods 2005.09.30 Maryland stuffed ham--see: ham Massachusetts Boston 2002.02.18 Boston-bacon 2002.07.18 Plimoth-cookbook 2004.01.26 Salem-1600s [2] 2002.11.24 Michigan [3] 2003.11.10 Early peoples: Native Americans, French & English Detroit, Motown era [1940-1960] 2004.02.29 Minnesota 2005.12.04 Mississippi [5] 2004.04.13 Missouri 2006.03.29 St. Louis, 18th century 2005.07.07 St. Louis, 19th century (Huckeberry Finn)--see: famous people: Twain St. Louis, 1904 World's Fair--see: World's Fair FAQ 1840s homestead gardens 2011.10.25 not found 1856 party menus 2004.09.13 Montana [8] 2004.04.05 Nebraska [3] 2003.12.03 Nevada [13] 2004.05.12 pre 1845 2003.07.02 1879 party menus 2004.09.14 Las Vegas restaurants 2004.11.19 New Hampshire [7] 2005.03.05 1901 2004.05.11 New Jersey--see: state food page; NJ Rutgers University, popular alcoholic beverages, 1870s 2010.07.26 Short Hills train station/restaurant recreation 2012.02.22 New Mexico [2] 2002.05.11 1865 2002.06.25 1939, "ordinary" restaurant menus/foods 2009.01.16 New York [5] 2004.05.18 Colonial New York [5] 2003.10.15 1819, "Upstate" 2005.08.27 Lake Ronkonkoma 2002.07.18 New York City 1850s-1860s 2013.07.22 1860s, Five Points neighborhood, public dining 2013.02.12 1871 home dinners 2013.07.22 1875 banquet menus 2011.12.02 cheesecake FAQ delicatessens 1914 deli menus 2002.11.15 deli potato salad 2002.09.09 Harlem Renaissance--see: 1920s-1930s Rochester, 1840s, Erie Canal, [2] 2008.09.27 1904, [2] 2004.05.10 Garbage plate--see: garbage plate North Carolina [5] 2003.03.20 Albemarle region foodways 2010.05.20 North Dakota [2] 2002.01.23 Germans from Russia 2005.02.22 Ohio see also: clambake [5] 2004.04.19 1830-1840 2006.04.12 Oklahoma [6] 2005.12.24 Oregon [5] 2002.03.30 18th century fare 2008.05.27 1914 recipes 2014.08.22 Pennsylvania [2] 2004.12.15 Pennsylvania Dutch--see: shoofly pie, chicken corn chowder Philadelphia 2003.02.03 Philadelphia--July 4, 1776 2003.06.22 Philadelphia Gooey butter cake--see: cakes Centennial Exhibition, 1876 2004.04.20 Pittsburgh 2005.01.23 Pittsburgh (soup & cookies)2003.06.13 Pittsburgh-style (meat) 2003.09.12 1890s, finger food or cakes 2006.05.08 1895, Scranton 3002.03.31 Rhode Island [3] 2004.03.04 Newport 1920s-1930s 2005.02.23 South Carolina [3] 2004.03.24 colonial [4] 2003.11.17 2010.01.08 game (hunted) meat sources cookies-benne--see: cookies--benne Huguenot [2] 2005.03.21 Low Country 2001.07.20 Tennessee [9] 2004.02.18 Nashville 2002.03.03 Texas (general) [4] 2003.12.11 African americans 2005.02.24 Christmas fare-English-1840 2005.12.09 cowboy venison stew 2000.11.24 Dallas (foods invented in this city) 2007.03.19 English [2] 2005.02.10 French [3] 2004.02.05 Germans 2003.11.21 grits 2007.07.09 Hays County, 19th century 2009.03.13 Kolache (Czech)--see: kolache Peach pie--see: pie San Antonio 2000.12.20 Texas caviar 2010.06.21 Utah [5] 2004.02.29 Green Jell-O 2005.05.18 Scones (Mormon) 2004.08.01 Vermont 2005.08.05 Virginia [3] 2004.03.20 Colonial Williamsburg tea customs--see: tea Washington [3] 2004.10.03 1920s Seattle speakeasies 2004.02.01 Washington DC culinary history sources 2012.09.25 West Virginia [6] 2002.07.28 Wisconsin 19th-20th century lumber camps (Shanty boys) 2006.12.19 Christmas foods 2007.12.10 Milwaukee [2] 2002.06.20 Fish frys, types of fish, 1940s-1950s 2011.11.21 Waubeka, 1885 (Flag Day) 2004.06.26 Wyoming [11] 2004.02.24 19th century fruits 2011.01.27 candy (sent from Laramie County Public Library) 2014.01.12 (paper only) Uruguay--see: sandwiches-chivito Venezuela [2] 2004.05.22 pastelitos 2003.07.25 Vietnam 2006.03.25 coconut flan 2002.05.30 restaurants in USA see: restaurants rice paper rolls 2008.07.12 Yemen 2006.01.11 Yugoslavia 2004.03.09 Serbian cuisine 2006.10.30 Vojvodina 2006.10.31 Zambia 2003.10.01 Country captain chicken--see: chicken Country fried steak (chicken fried steak) [14] FAQ Coupe du Monde de al Boulanterie (Baking Olympics) 2006.01.08 Courses (of serving) [10] 2003.08.16 FAQ Court bouillon--see: soups Couscous [10] 2003.11.02 Cowboy caviar--see: Texas caviar Cowboy cooking 2002.08.25 Cowboy gravy see: gravy Cowboys & beans--see: Chuckwagons & beans Cowpeas (black-eyed peas) [4] 2002.12.31 FAQ Crab [3] 2004.06.03 FAQ Blue crab prices (20th century) 2006.05.19 Crab au gratin 2005.02.18 Crab cakes 2005.06.06 FAQ Crab claws (Joe's Stone Crab) 2012.06.27 (Gastronomica article) Crab dip--see: dips Crab fries--see: Potatoes, French Fries Crab Imperial [2] 2004.12.09 Crab meat (snow crabs) 2002.11.13 Crab rangoons [3] 2003.08.05 FAQ Crabtini (crab cocktail in martini glass) 2014.04.07 Deviled 2007.03.01 Dungeness 2005.12.20 She crab soup--see: soups Surimi (imitation crab) [2] 2007.02.07 Crabtini--see: crab Crack seed (Hawaiian snack) 2005.02.14 Cracker Jacks [2] 2005.02.13 FAQ Crackers [7] FAQ Beer chasers 2004.03.30 Bleu cheese crackers (1950s-1960s) 2011.12.30 Cheez Doodles (Old London/Wise) 2008.08.23 Cheez-its [2] 2009.09.24 Christmas (novelty, not food!) 2007.12.16 Combat alcohol? Sylvester Graham 2002.11.20 Corn Diggers (Nabisco) Librarians protest 2011.06.26 Cracker pie--see: pie Crackers with salad (accompaniment) 2006.01.26 Crax (Educator) 2010.04.06 Cream crackers 2007.11.28 Crisped crackers (pre-made crackers dipped in water or brushed with butter) 2006.11.04 Cross crackers (aka common crackers) 2010.03.23 Crown Pilot--see: Pilot docking (holes, perferations for crispness) [3] 2001.11.26 FAQ 13 holes (invention claim) 2013.03.23 13 holes symbolism 2003.01.08 FAQ Educator crackers [3] 2004.01.15 FAQ Excell (Nabisco) 2005.11.11 Graham, chocolate-coated [2] 2003.11.06 Hits 2011.10.10 Milk crackers (where to buy?) 2006.11.20 Old London Waffle Snacks (aka cheese waffies) [8] 2003.06.30 Origin of the word 2002.11.22 Oyster crackers [10] 2003.12.15 oyster & saltine 2003.03.24 packaging--see: food packaging party favors 2001.12.08 pecan flavored (like graham crackers) [2] not found or identified Pepperidge Farm Goldfish [2] 2003.03.12 Parrot Brand [American Biscuit Company] 2008.12.18 Pilot (also Crown Pilot, Sailor Boy Pilot) 2009.09.24 Ritz (Nabisco) [3] 2004.05.14 Saltines 2013.08.16 (chocolate covered)--see: chocolate Snappies [4] 2005.09.04 Soda crackers, average size, (USA) 2009.10.22 (see also: food packaging, crackers) Survival (1950s) 2005.04.14 Table water crackers [4] 2005.04.08 Tid-Bit (Nabisco) [3] 2004.06.08 Twiglets 2007.01.03 Uneeda brand [current substitutes] 2009.12.06 Vermont common crackers 2004.06.20 Worcester (Westminster) 2002.02.24 Cracknell-see: cookies Craisins 2002.01.27 Cranberries 2006.10.08 FAQ Cranberries & turkey (combination) see: turkey Cranberry bread--see: cakes Cranberry pudding--see: pudding Fresh cranberries (alternative uses, in salads) 2014.02.14 Crax--see: crackers Crazy Bread--see: bread Cream 2004.02.29 nondairy cream packets (USA foodservice) 2011.12.01 Cream biscuits--see: crackers-cream crackers Cream can dinner 2003.07.21 Cream candy--see: candy Cream cheese--see cheese Cream, clotted 2005.03.14 Cream crackers--see: crackers Cream fritters--see: fritters Cream of chantilly 2004.11.15 Cream of mushroom soup--see: soups Cream of tartar [3] 2004.03.11 Cream, Opera 2013.11.29 Cream puffs & eclairs (aka profiteroles) [30] FAQ Cream reductions (becamel) 2002.10.14 Cream soda--see: soda Cream, sweet 2009.12.12 Creamed chipped beef see: shit on a shingle Creamed corn--see: corn Creaming (combining fat, sugar & eggs for baked goods) 2014.05.21 Creme Anglaise [4] 2004.01.19 Creme Brulee [4] FAQ (puddings-French cremes) Creme Caramel FAQ (puddings-French cremes) Creme Fraiche [2] 2003.08.25 Cremini mushrooms--see: mushrooms Creole cooking, Louisiana--see: Countries Crepes--see: pancakes Cretons (pork pate/Quebec, aka corton, gorton) [2] 2003.11.25 Crispellis (Boston/Lawrence MA) cheese/anchovy filled pastries (recipe not found) Croatia 2003.08.11 Crock Pot, Rival, original 1971 price 2010.02.05 Crockett, Davy--see: famous people Croissant--see: bread Cronuts (croissants & doughnuts) FAQ Croquant 2004.05.23 Croque Monsier--see: sandwiches Croquembouche--see: cakes Croquettes (See also: fish balls) [4] 2005.02.26 Croquettes, Cuban American 2004.09.17 Croquettes, German (Frikadellen) 2014.09.17 Howard Johnson's chicken croquettes--see: chicken Crosiers (aka croziers)--see: fiddlehead ferns Crosnes 2013.09.14 FAQ Crossing the bridge noodles--see: noodles Croute, en [2] 2007.01.30 (related to croutons, crustade) Croutons--see: bread Crowdie 2010.08.05 Crowen, Mrs. T.J. (cookbook author) 2012.12.15 Crown Pilot--see: crackers Crudites [4] 2004.11.10 FAQ Cruddy--see: crowdie Crumb box 2011.04.03 Crumble--see:pie Crumpets--see: breads Crustade--see: Croute, en Crybaby cake--see: cakes Csorege--see: cookies Cuba--see: countries Cuban sandwiches--see: sandwiches Cube steak--see: steaks Cucumber salad--see:salad Cucumber sandwiches--see: sandwiches Cucumbers 2003.04.29 Cucumbers & pickles in Ancient Egypt 2002.07.31 Cueritos--see: pork-rinds & skins Culinarian/chef-Dept. Of Labor reclassification [1976] 2003.10.27 Culinary arts (how defined, started) 2004.10.13 Culinary bases--see: sauces-bases Culinary calendar 2002.08.24 Culinary careers 2005.05 Culinary schools--see:schools Culotte steak--see: steaks Cumin [2] 2007.01.22 Black Cumin (aka Nigella Sativa) 2009.02.02 Cupcakes--see: cake Curcurbits(cucumbers, melons, etc.) 2002.10.29 Canteloupe & Musk melons [2] 2006.02.05 Curing--see: preservation of food Currants Red Currants 2006.04.22 Curry [4] FAQ Curry powder 2003.11.04 USA curry recipes, 20th century vs rijtaffel 2011.12.03 Cussy, Marquis de [France, 19th century] 2008.07.12 Custard [5] FAQ & cream 2003.06.07 Custard powder [3] 2005.03.06 Cutlet [2] 2007.01.23 Cuts of beef--names? 2000.06.06 Cybercafes (aka Internet cafes) see: restaurants Czarnina (Duck blood soup) see: soups Dacquoise--see: cakes 2003.07.11 Dago cabbage--see: stews-Bigos Dagwood sandwich ingredients [original] 2002.01.04 Dahl (dal) 2007.02.15 Dairy foods 2003.09.16 Dandelions 2001.11.19 Danish [5] FAQ Apple cake--see: cakes Bear claw & bear sign [2] 2003.12.04 cheese 2003.04.28 Danish Go-Rounds (Kelloggs) 2009.10.31 (scan of product 11/09) Danish gold (ingredient) [2] 2005.11.18 Danka Toaster Danish (General Foods) 10.31.09 Dark syrup--see: sugar Date pudding & date cake 2002.11.20 Dates [3] 2002.12.09 FAQ Dromedary brand [package sizes] 2009.07.07 English introduction 2005.08.31 Stuffed dates 2013.11.27 FAQ Dating of food--see:food dating Daube 2007.10.22 David Harum--see: ice cream Day of the Dead foods (Mexico) [3] 2004.11.02 added content to halloween.html De Graf, Belle (cook book author, San Francisco Chronicle food editor) 2013.11.09 De Jonghe--see: shrimp Deacon skins (not food) 2009.06.27 Death of a Salesman--see: cheese, cheese in a jar & saccarine tablets Decade dishes [2] 2002.05.08 Deep frying--see: frying Deer--see: venison Dehydrated/Dried foods--nutritional properties [2] 2008.09.17 Dejeuner--see: meals Delicacies (general research sources/context framing) 2011.03.08 Delicatessen--see: restaurants Delicia--see: cookies Delivery food--see: take out food Delminico potatoes--see: potatoes Delmonico steak--see: steaks Delmonico's restaurant menus--see: restaurants Demi-glace--see: sauces, demi-glace Denver omelette--see: eggs Denver ribs (breast of lamb) 2003.12.15 Denver sandwich--see: sandwiches Denver sheet cake--see: cakes Denver steak--see: steak Derby pie--see: pie Derma--see: sausages Des Moines squash--see:squash, acorn Desiccated vegetables 2002.04.24 Designer foods 2003.12.03 Desserts [2] FAQ 1400BC 2002.08.20 American--colonial 2003.02.21 Dessert pyramids Added Colonial Williamsburg link to colonial FAQ American--19th century 2003.06.23 American--1920s 2003.03.06 Chinese 2006.04.15 "plated" & current dessert trends [2] 2003.03.17 popular American (current) 2007.03.03 with alcohol (wine, hard cider...) [2] 2001.02.01 Devil dogs (Drakes) 2002.02.16 Deviled crabs--see: crabs Deviled eggs---see: eggs Devils food --see: cake Devils on Horseback--see: Angels on Horseback Diabetic diets through history 2004.05.29 Dier bread--see: bread Diet bread--see: bread Diet foods--see: breakfast drinks Diet soda--see: soda pop Dieting 2004.10.04 Dill [3] 2003.04.02 Dill pickles--see: pickles Dim sum 2002.08.20 Diner's Club (credit card) 2013.02.25 FAQ Dining rooms (Colonial America) 2014.04.24 (see paper files) Dinner bells--see: bells Dinner, Sunday 2009.05.20 Dinner times 2001.06.12 Diplomat pudding--see:pudding Dips [8] 2004.08.13 FAQ bagna cauda (northern Italian) 2011.12.15 bean [3] 2003.11.23 California onion 2006.05.22 FAQ cheese dip (Ro-Tel & others) 2011.09.28 crab dip 2012.07.09 deviled ham (1940s-50s) 2005.03.20 seven layer (aka seven layer taco dip, Tex-Mex dip) [6] 2004.04.13 FAQ spinach 2004.07.26 FAQ Zip-A-Dee (aka Zippity) dip mix (Reese) 2011.04.07 Dirt cake --see cake Dirty fries--see: potatoes-gravy fries Disodium guanylate (ingredient) 2001.09.14 Divinity candy (fudge)--see candy Dixie cups--see: ice cream Dobos torte--see: cake Dock--see: pie, dock Dodger Dogs--see: hot dogs Dodgers (corn)--see: corn Doed koecks--see: cake Dog food [2] 2003.07.25 Doggie bags [3] 2002.10.23 FAQ Dogs Aztec cuisine 2007.11.05 Native American subsistence (Puppy Soup) 2009.02.19 Dolly in a blanket (tea room menu item, USA south, 1907?) 2014.02.25 not found Dolly mixtures--see candy Dolma--see: stuffed leaves Doner kebab FAQ (gyros) Donkers (from April Morning/Howard Fast) [3] 2005.03.22 Doneness of meat--see: meat Don't care syrup--sodafountains.html FAQ Doritos 2004.06.05 Dormice 2011.10.08 Dosa (India) 2005.05.14 Dostoevsky, Fydor--see: literature & food Double acting baking powder 2000.02.20 Double consomme--see: soup-consomme Dough, refrigerator (biscuits packaged in cardboard tubes) 2007.03.12 Doughnuts [31] 2014.04.11 FAQ Beignet [6] 2003.11.06 Bunelos de Navidad [4] 2004.10.24 cake-type recipe/Larkin 1916 2003.06.19 Calas (New Orleans) 2007.03.08 Cronuts FAQ Chruschiki (Polish) 2007.11.09 Fastnacht & bismark [3] 2003.11.06 Jelly doughnuts--see: Fastnacht Long johns 2006.08.01 Paczki (Poland) 2007.11.27 Persians 2005.03.29 Self-turning see: Little House Cookbook (p. 88-89) Wonders (aka crullers) 2006.09.07 Zeppole 2005.11.10 Doughnuts v. pastry (defninitions & differences) 2009.05.14 Dover sole--see:fish Dowdy--see: pie "Down" (diner speak=toast or toasted) 2008.04.27 Downing pudding (aka Downing college pudding)--see: puddings-colleg Drake Bakeries: start & brand names 2003.02.18 Dr. Johnson's Educator Crackers--see: Educator crackers Dr. Nut--see: soda pop Dr. Price's Cream Baking Powder 2002.09.21 Drawn butter 2002.06.08 Dressed eggs--see: eggs Dressing (stuffing) [4] 2003.11.27 Dried eggs--see: eggs Dried fruit--see: leather, fruit Dried lemons--see:lemons Drink mix-Funny Face brand 2003.07.23 Drippings and suet--see: suet Drive-in restaurants/drive-thru service 2002.11.08 & 3.30.05 Dromedary brand date nut bread--see: breads Drop cakes--see: cakes Drops (candy)--see: candy Drumsticks--see: ice cream Duchess potatoes--see: potatoes Duck FAQ Duck A l'orange FAQ Duck blood soup (also Goose blood soup) see: soups Duck feet 2010.03.27 Mock (Britain, WWII-1960s) 2004.12.28 Moulard/mulard 2004.09.17 Peking [9] FAQ Pancakes 2004.03.10 Duff--see: pudding Dugan Brothers (NYC bakery) see: restaurants Dulce de leche--see: candy, cajeta Dumas, Alexandre potato recipes see: potatoes Dumplings [5] FAQ Apple dumplings 2013.02.15 Halusky 2005.09.21 Mantou (Mandu) 2008.01.27 Potstickers 2011.08.22 (FAQ) Skillet dumplings (boiled/cooked in fruit sauce aka applesauce dumplings) 2006.10.08 Slickers (aka slicks, slick'ems) 2010.06.14 added to dumpling FAQ Skimmer cake [2] 2009.08.08 Vinegar dumplings 2010.05.12 Dungeness crab--see: crab Duryea Starch Works 2007.09.26 Dutch apple pie--see: pie Dutch babies--see: pancakes Dutch letter (12th Night) 2006.08.27 Dutch ovens [4] 2005.04.21 FAQ Dutch Pantry (brand name salad dressings, bakery products etc.) 2009.09.06 Duxelles 2006.01.09 Dye, food--see: food coloring Dynomite sandwiches--see: sandwiches Eagle brand soft drink--see: soda pop Early bird special 2009.10.28 FAQ Earth ovens--see: ovens Earthquake cake--see: cakes Easter--see: holidays Easter eggs--see: eggs Easy 175 cake--see: cakes Easy Cheese--see: cheese: Cheez Whiz Eat with your eyes (quote origin) 2013.12.19 Eating utensils 2001.12.04 Ebinger's --see: restaurants Eclairs--see: cream puffs Edam--see: cheese Edamame (green soy beans) 2008.04.12 Edison, Thomas 2003.09.17 Educator crackers--see: crackers Egg & lemon sauce--see: soups-avgolemono Egg cream [2] 2004.07.26 Egg cream Italian ice 2000.09.04 Egg foo yung 2003.11.07 Egg McMuffins 2005.05.09 Egg nog 2011.10.21 Egg rolls [Asian appetizer] [7] FAQ see also: prices Egg tarts--see: pies Eggo Foods history 2000.10.29 Eggplant (aka aubergine) [5] 2004.08.05 Eggplant mush 2003.09.23 Eggplant parmesan [2] 2005.02.28 Garden eggs (entula, entura) 2005.08.11 Eggs [12] FAQ Albumin (egg whites) & muscle building (protein) 2007.05.11 Baking/cooking with 2004.02.27 Benedict [2] FAQ Boiled eggs (also hard cooked, hard boiled) 2010.04.02 (added to FAQ) Breakfast (why eat?) [4] 2003.01.23 Burnt (why don't you eat?) 2002.07.14 Buttering (scrambled) [3] 2004.11.27 carton dates & safety 2007.09.14 Clarification with egg whites and egg shells (soup & coffee) [3] 2004.11.11 FAQ Coddled eggs 2004.05.03 Colonial preservation techniques [2] 2001.08.10 FAQ Consumption: how many eaten in one setting, meal, day, USA 2013.08.01 Dairy or meat? [2] 2007.07.15 Denver sandwich (western sandwich)--see: sandwiches Deviled (aka dressed eggs) [123] FAQ Deviled egg plates (porcelein china) 2009.04.14 Deviled eggs as soul food 2003.01.05 Dried eggs (aka dried albumin powder, desiccated eggs) 2011.10.15 FAQ Easter eggs--see: holidays-Easter Egg linguistic origins 2009.07.2009 Egg salad [2] 2004.03.23 Egg salad--why celery? 2003.07.21 Eggs in a basket (ox eyes, one-eyed jacks, eggs on toast} [2] 2011.11.17 FAQ Floating eggs (dating purposes) 2008.02.25 Fried eggs [2] 2004.05.30 Hangtown fry--see: Hangtown Fry entry Huevos rancheros [4] 2003.12.07 Hundred year (aka thousand year) [2] 2003.06.29 FAQ Medieval/Renaissance era uses 2003.10.04 Migas [2] 2005.02.25 Omega 3 content 2009.08.13 (see also link for Omega Eggs, 2001) Omelettes FAQ Spanish omelets 2005.09.13 Ova farcta (stuffed eggs) 2003.05.12 Packaging (always sold by the dozen?) [4] 2007.05.12 Pasta--see: pasta Pickled eggs [4] 2003.10.01 Pigeon 2013.10.26 FAQ Poached [2] 2006.11.26 Prices--see: food prices-eggs Rationed during WWII? 2006.06.05 Rising agents (Elizabethan discovery)--see: snow Salt cured eggs 2014.05.18 Scotch eggs [4] 2003.01.22 FAQ Scrambled eggs [2] 2004.11.27 FAQ scrambled egg mountain (aka scrambled egg cones), NYC--see: Maisel, Arthur Separating (when, why?) 2008.12.28 shell color (brown vs white) 2009.05.09 shirred eggs 2014.4.17 FAQ Size of eggs (ancient Rome & Byzantium [3] 2011.07.30 FAQ Size of eggs (USA) 2012.06.12 FAQ Snow eggs--see: snow Soft boiled eggs [2] 2012.09.02 FAQ Steak and eggs--see: steak Symbolism--see: Egg FAQ Tea eggs [2] 2003.06.29 Waterglassing 2004.03.14 Western omelet vs. Eastern omelet--differences? 2006.12.17 FAQ White house egg roll [hunt] tradition see: holidays-Easter Eggshells--see: eggs, clarification Eighty-six [6] 2004.04.05 FAQ Eid--see: religion & food, Muslim El Pulpo (United Fruit Company) 2008.05.23 Elbow macaroni--see: pasta-macaroni Elder (udder) 2006.04.09 Elephant ears (goash feel) 2006.11.03 see also: Cookies-Palmiers Elk [recipe sources] 2005.04.21 Ellis Island foods/recipes 2003.11.29 Emmenthaler cheese--see: cheese Emmer grain 2004.01.12 Empanadas [4] FAQ Empire biscuits--see: cookies Empress chicken--see: chicken-General Tso's Emu 2001.04.14 Emulsified sauces--see: Sauces Enchiladas [10] FAQ Apple enchiladas 2005.11.17 Endive--see: chicory English English (apple crisp-type dessert, Iowa, 1930s) not found, sent 1939 IA recipe for AC 2007.11.16 English muffins--see: muffins English trifle [24] FAQ Scottish trifle (aka scotch trifle) 2010.02.22 With jelly/jello (Canada) 2004.01.26 Entrepreneurs--food innovators 2002.05.21 Entula (Entura)--see: eggplant Epicurious (Internet source)--see: recipes, Internet Erie canal-see: countries: USA-New York Epazote [2] 2005.07.11 Escabeche [1] 2014.02.13 FAQ Escargot [4] 2003.05.27 FAQ Escamocha--see: salad, fruit salad Escarole--see: chicory Escoffier--see: chefes Eskimo see: Inuit Espagnole sauce 2003.09.21 Espresso [3] 2003.06.13 Essences 2009.12.02 Etiquette Bread & Rolls--buttering, tearing [2] 2004.02.07 FAQ (bread etiquette) Knives (cutting small pieces a few a time) [2] 2004.02.07 FAQ (bread etiquette) serving pre-dinner sherry 2000.10.19 Table manners [2] 2004.04.05 Plates set upside down 2013.09.21 Euclid Candy Company [2] 2005.10.27 Europe, culinary history sources 2003.09.16 Eve's Pudding--see: puddings Everything bagel--see: breads-bagels Evian water--see: water Exotic foods [2] 2004.03.02 Extracts--see: flavoring FDA see: U.S. Food and Drug Administration Faggots (aka fagots, UK sausage-type patties) [2] 2010.02.06 Fairy bread--see: bread Fairy cakes--see: cakes-cupcakes Fairy food--see: candy Fajita [2] 2003.11.09 Family style service--see: service Famous people general sources for favorite foods 2008.05.31 why named/some examples 2011.12.05 Alexander the Great 2003.07.18 Anne of Austria (Anna of Austria)--chocolate 2004.02.18 Armstrong, Neil (Apollo 11) 2006.01.24 Arnold, Benedict 2006.06.23 Arthur, King [2] 2003.10.30 Artist's foods [2] 2003.09.20 Audubon, John James 2009.08.12 FAQ Babe Ruth 2014.03.03 faq Bach, JS (17th century Germany) [4] 2006.01.28 Beatles (music group) 2012.07.21 FAQ Beethoven [3] 2003.12.31 Bernhardt, Sarah 2005.09.09 FAQ Blackwell, Elizabeth 2012.02.12 FAQ Bonhoeffer, Dietrich 2005.08.17 Boone, Daniel 2003.09.08 Borgia, Lucrecia (wedding cake) see: cakes, wedding Bowie, James 2003.11.27 Braille, Louis (birthday cake suggestions) 2011.11.23 Brown, Margaret (aka Unsinkable Molly Brown) 2009.05.11 Capone, Al [1930s Chicago] 2010.01.02 Chopin, Fryderyk [1830s Paris] 2010.02.26 Cleopatra [2] 2003.07.17 Cody, William (Buffalo Bill) 2004.02.10 FAQ Confucius 2003.05.27 Crockett, Davy 2009.05.06 FAQ Dandridge, Dorothy 2006.05.10 Davis, Varina Howell (Jefferson Davis' wife): Recipe Book of Varina Howell Davis, available from Beauvoir.org Dickinson, Emily 2006.11.18 Douglas, Steven A. 2008.02.27 Edison, Thomas [2] 2003.09.17 FAQ Frank, Anne 2008.11.04 FAQ Franklin, Aretha 2006.02.28 FAQ Franklin, Ben [6] 2001.03.28 FAQ In Paris 2004.01.11 Gandhi, Mahamta 2005.06.15 FAQ George I (England) 2006.11.27 Goya see: 19th century Spain Hamilton, Alexander 2009.04.04 FAQ Hari, Mata 2009.08.19 FAQ Houdini, Harry [2] 2008.01.14 FAQ Hughes, Howard 2012.09.21 FAQ Isabella (Queen) (15th century Spain) [3] 2003.07.16 Jackson, Augustus (19th century Philadelphia confectioner) [2] 2009.05.17 FAQ Jesus [6] 2004.03.02 Johnson, Samuel 2006.10.21 Josephine--see: Napoleon Keller, Helen 2004.01.11 FAQ King, Martin Luther Jr. 2013.01.10 Leonardo da Vinci (vegetarianism) 2006.03.22 Lincoln, Abraham--see: presidents Louis XIV FAQ Louis VX FAQ Louis XVI FAQ (French Revolution) Lowe, Juliette Gordon (GSA founder) [3] 2005.10.16 MacArthur, Douglas (General) 2009.07.17 Marie Antoinette 2004.06.20 --send: French Rev & Brioche FAQs Medici, Catherine 2003.09.26 Mozart (17th century Vienna) [7] 2005.01.11 Mozart cake--see: cakes Muir, John (tea &c) 2011.02.03 FAQ Newton, Sir Isaac [2] 2000.12.17 Napoleon [7] 2003.11.21 FAQ Nightingale, Florence 2005.09.20 Pasteur, Louis 2004.02.22 Pepys, Samuel (oysters) 2006.10.24 Polo, Marco 2004.02.23 Presidents--see: presidents FAQ Presley, Elvis--see: FAQ foodsandwiches, peanut butter & banana Owens, Jesse [3] 2002.08.29 Rembrandt 2003.08.25 Revere, Paul 2014.05.07 FAQ Rockefeller, John D. Sr 2004.05.16 FAQ Roosevelt, Eleanor [2] 2006.01.10 presidents FAQ chocolate covered garlic pills 2014.03.01 FAQ Roosevelt (TR & FDR) Christmas menus 2003.05.29 Shakespeare, William--see: 16th century Smith, Joseph (Palmyra NY, early 19th century) [3] 2005.04.28 Smith, Tom (London confectioner invented the Chistmas cracker) 2006.01.20 Stowe, Harriet Beecher 2004.05.12 Swift, Jonathan 2003.08.03 Toulouse-Lautrec, Henri 2003.11.12 Truman, Bess 2003.11.10 Tubman, Harriet 2005.05.24 Twain, Mark American Heritage Cookbook, p. 61-67 (extensive notes) Huck Finn's foods [3] 2009.05.23 FAQ Van Gogh, Vincent 2006.01.15 Victoria (Queen) [4] 2011.03.14 FAQ Villa, Pancho 2006.01.09 Wagner, Richard 2005.08.22 Washington, George--see: presidents FAQ Whitney, Eli 2006.05.17 Wright Brothers 2003.11.14 Fan tan rolls--see: bread Fanconettes (& franchonettes)--see: pie Farm to table (gate to plate)--how foods get to our table: apples, fish & beef: 2003.09.12 Farmer, Fannie Merritt 2010.09.25 Farmers markets--see: Local foods movement Fast food restaurants [4] FAQ Ancient Rome, French Revolution 2005.07.10 McDonaldization 2010.03.20 Timeline sources (for Fast Food American Timeline) 2006.11.26 With internet service (first) 2004.08.18 Fastnacht--see: doughtnuts Feast of the Seven Fishes (Italy, Christmas Eve) 2004.12.28 Feast Lolly--see ice cream Federal fudge--see: candy Feet--see: duck feet Feijoada 2004.08.11 Felafel [2] 2004.05.19 Fell (venison) 2010.04.05 Fennel [3] 2007.02.02 Fenway Franks--see: hot dogs Fenway Park--see: baseball concessions Fermentation 2005.03.21 Feta cheese--see: cheese Fertility foods--see: aphrodesiac foods Fettuccini Alfredo [9] FAQ Feves au lard--see: beans Fiber consumption 2001.11.15 Fiber--part of fruit/vegetables containing most? [2] 2004.02.29 Fiddlehead ferns (aka croziers, crosiers) 2014.06.22 FAQ Fideo--see: pasta Fifty-Fifty ice cream bars (aka 50 50 bars)--see: ice cream Fig cakes-Ancient Egypt--see: cakes Fig Newtons--see: cookies Fig paste (& prune paste) 2012.10.16 Figs [2] 2006.02.18 Filberts--see: nuts, hazelnuts Filet (& fillet)--see: fish Filet mignon--see: steak Film & food (general research sources) 2010.11.09 Film-footage of food 2002.02.25 Filo/phyllo dough [4] FAQ Financier--see: cakes Fines herbes--see: herbs Finger steaks--see: steaks Fire making (Native Amerians/early pioneers) 2009.05.17 First you eat with your eyes (quote origin) 2013.12.19 Fish bass 2005.02.06 catfish 2006.09.19 cod Beardsley Shredded Codfish [3] 2006.09.22 cod fish balls 2006.07.14 dried salt cod (bacala, bakalar, bachalau) 2014.02.13 colonial America [Southern states] 2010.08.13 Cornish sardines (pilchards) 2012.02.20 FAQ Dover sole [3] 2004.02.21 filet (definitions) 2008.03.09 fish & chips 2004.07.21 fish & lemon 2006.01.12 fish & red wine 2003.08.07 fish: smoked or pickled...symbolism 2002.12.20 fish sticks (frozen) 2004.07.18 gefilte fish 2008.05.23 Haddock Elizabeth (Villave Restaurant, Essex MA) 2014.05.17 lutefisk [3] 2003.08.28 nut encrusted fish recipes 2014.02.11 sardines 2007.02.18 FAQ shark steaks 2004.11.12 sturgeon (17th-18th century UK meal placement & recipes) taboos--see: religion & food, taboos tuna steaks 2004.11.12 Fish sauce--see: sauces Fisher, Marian Cole (aka Mrs. W.A. Wittbecker, cookbook author & lecturer) 2007.09.04 (newspaper articles in basket) Fishhouse punch--see: punch Fizz candies--see: candy Fizzies 2007.02.17 Flakey Jake's--see: restaurants-Fuddrucker's Flako [7] 2001.08.19 Flame seedless grapes--see: grapes Flambe [6] 2003.11.10 Flan FAQ coconut (Vietnamese) 2002.05.30 Moorish influence 2002.10.30 Flanc & Contre Flanc (19th century courses) 2011.09.09 Flapjacks (American pancakes)--see: pancake FAQ Flapjacks (British biscuits)--see: cookies-flapjacks Flapper pie--see: pie Flat iron steak--see: steaks Flautas 2005.01.23 Flavoring Extracts (fruit, nut) 2008.12.16 Vaanilla extract--see: vanilla Floating Island [3] 2009.04.28 Prune Floating Island (recipe) 2009.4.28 Florentine (with spinach) [3] 2006.04.03 Florentines (meat pie & nut cookies) [2] 2005.10.14 Florio & the "Egg Rule" (NJ) 2001.01.23 Flour all-purpose [3] 2004.10.03 bleached flour [2] 2004.01.13 FAQ natural oxidation 2004.09.28 FAQ cake flour 2008.01.21 self-raising (aka self-rising) + self-raising cornmeal 2015.01.27 semolina (aka dura wheat, durham) 2008.01.24 FAQ Sno Sheen cake flour (Pillsbury) 2011.03.08 storage (historic) 2009.06.02 strong flour (aka bread flour) 2008.04.02 white flour vs. brown [5] 2004.05.13 FAQ white flour vs whole wheat [2] 2003.03.06 FAQ whole grain cake flour 2006.12.15 Wild Rose Pastry Flour (Canada) 2014.02.16 Flour mills 2003.09.09 Flowerpot bread--see: breads-clay cookery Flowers, edible [3] 2004.10.25 see also: rosewater, rose petals Violets 2009.04.28 Flummery--see: pudding FLUNC (frozen, leftover, unnatrual, nuked, canned) Deepak Chopra 2013.06.03 Fluoride and infant formula--see: baby food Focaccia--see: bread 2003.05.29 Foie gras [4] 2003.08.25 Overcooked--what happens? 2008.03.30 Folklore & cuisine 2003.09.09 Fondant--see: candy Fondant potatoes--see: potatoes Fondex (confectioners' ingredient 2009.01.07 Fondue cheese, meat & chocolate [7] FAQ fondue pots 2005.06.22 Fong Fong Fountain [San Francisco California]--see: restaurants Food advertising--see: Advertising of food Food & art--see: Art & food Food & Drug Administration--see: U.S. Food and Drug Administration Food & healing (prevention/cure--general research framining & sources) 2011.03.08 Food & income--see:Income and food Food & literature--see: Literature & food Food & movies--see: Movies & food Food & religion--see: religion & food Food as currency (money) 2007.03.05 Food books (novels)--NoveList 2003.10.21 Food carts (outdoor mobile vending) 2003.07.23 Food coloring (food dye) [13] 2004.03.04 Candy, 19th century 2011.02.03 Food consumption (most consumed foods, global, current) 2006.08.17 Food courts 2003.04.03 Food dating (sell by, use by, best before) [3] 2006.03.12 FAQ Food decoration (general) 2012.07.28 cake decorations--see: cakes Food definition (dictionary), etymology & purpose [3] 2004.02.11 Food distribution (prehistory to present, research sources) 2006.08.17 Food fads (general) 2004.09.22 Food fads by year 2001.02.22 Food fads 1905-1930 2003.01.13 Food festivals 2003.10.01 Food gifts (how/why started?) 2004.05.01 Food of the future [2] 2003.09.15 Food groups/pyramid--basic four 2002.10.30 Food history books (general) 2003.07.24 Food history careers & education career opps [11] 2004.11.30 graduate programs-food history [7] 2003.01.23 undergraduate programs-food history 2002.01.13 Food-how many different kinds 2004.10.31 Food journalism 2010.11.08 Food labeling (nutritient facts) [2] 2005.01.08 & High Fructose Corn Syrup 2010.04.25 Food magazines [2] 2007.08.24 Food mills--see: grinders, food Food-NOT from animal or plant 2004.02.05 Food origins (geography) [3] 2003.05.07 Food packaging 2004.05.26 19th-20th century USA: salt, pepper, tea, coffee 2013.02.23 can sizes--see: canned foods Chinese take out (FoldPak) [3] 2004.11.23 FAQ condiment packets (plastic) [2] 2007.01.17 crackers & cookies: paperboard, in-er-seal, stack pack, cellophane [3] 2008.06.03 hot cold cups--see: paper cups ice cream cartons (1/2 gallon shrinkage, knuckle muck) 2012.06.12 meat [colonial America, from butcher] 2010.03.09 Mrs. Butterworth (plastic bottles & individual foodservice packet) 2012.10.03 paper cups (drinking) 2008.02.14 FAQ pastry boxes--see: pastry box pizza boxes 2004.11.23 FAQ styrofoam cups--see: paper cups Food portions (upsized, super sized) [2] 2007.11.28 Food photography (early examples) 2010.03.16 see also: food styling Food pictures see: pictures of food Food preferences (most liked) 2003.11.18 Food preparation--history 2002.05.22 1900 2003.10.20 Food preservation--see:Preservation of food Food preservatives--see: Preservatives in food Food prices [27] FAQ Commodities prices [USA historic] 2011.09.02 FAQ Prices--1840s (general, no specific USA place) recommend: Value of a Dollar/Grey House Publishing Prices--1840s, California Gold Rush FAQ Prices--1930s 2002.05.18 Prices--1940s--international commodities 2009.12.07 Prices--1950s 2002.04.19 alcoholic beverages & cocktails (Prohibition era) 2014.01.13 FAQ apples, 1930s 2007.01.09 baby food & items [1983] 2013.07 baby back ribs 2009.12.09 baseball parks--see: restaurants/baseball concessions FAQ beef "on the hoof" prices (current & 1939) 2011.07.15 steak at fancy restaurants, 1910s 2006.12.30 beer 1950s 2008.06.13 Budweiser, 6 pack, 1958 2012.04.26 Budweiser, 6 pack, 1961 2011.01.14 Budweiser, case, 1975 2012.03.6 bread bread, eggs, sugar, butter 1950s, 60s, 70s & 80s 2003.09.19 colonial America 2007.02.08 Germany, 1930s 2010.08.04 mid-19th century America [2] 2007.06.01 Wonder Bread, 1930s 2008.08.21 breakfast, 1918 2008.04.16 breakfast cereal (Kellogg's Corn Flakes) FAQ broccoli, 1977 & 1997 2002.10.17 butter American Civil War 2010.09.20 (see paper copy for historic articles) 19th century FAQ candy 1909 USA 2008.10.17 ("Nation's Annual Candy Bill," NYTimes, Jan 2, 1910 p. SM8) Baby Ruth candy bar, 1930s 2006.01.02 chocolate cand bars, UK, 1962 2010.12.20 chocolate candy bars (Hershey bar index) US [4 ] FAQ Hershey bars, 1/4 lb., early 1950s, US 2012.11.14 Hershey bars, 1965 2012.12.21 chocolates & penny candy, late 1800s 2003.09.23 Life savers candy, 1912 2006.01.31 marshmallows, 5 cents worth, 1920s 2014.01.14 FAQ (food2.html) Milk Duds, 1930s [3] 2006.02.07 Tootsie rolls 1963 2013.10.19 champagne, California 1890s 2013.09.16 cheese, UK, 1971 2012.06.15 chewing gum, 1988 2003.03.02 chicken 1930s, chicago (John Tyson) 2007.10.25 1940s, why more expensive than beef [USA] [2] 2010.12.16 1949 2003.10.06 cocoa, USA, 19th century FAQ coffee, USA, 19th century FAQ 1949 2014.03.04 cookies Girl Scout, 1940s--1970s 2011.01.31 Oreos, 1900-2005, 2005.10.20 Denny's Grand Slam Breakfast 2010.05.12 egg rolls, USA & Canada, 1955-1965 2011.12.30 eggs 19th century, USA FAQ 1800 2011.03.05 1860s 2007.07.09 1920 & 1960 2005.08.31 1949 2003.10.06 2005-present, USA & Canada 2010.09.10 fast food prices meal deals (value meals, combo meals, etc.) 2010.03.10 1954 2004.09.06 1960s 2004.11.22 1982 2008.09.17 grenadine 1946 2014.04 hamburgers $1.00/USA 2011.07.17 1895-1922 2009.08 1960s 2003.07.28 1970-2000 2003.04.02 McDonalds [5] 2003.04.08 FAQ White Castle hamburgers, 1960s 2006.07.08 hot dogs 1903 2003.08.01 1960s 2003.07.28 1964 NYC Worlds Fair 2011.11.15 (.30/each, added to FAQ) 1980s 1008.01.05 Nathan's Famous 1930s Immerso/Coney Island--photo (p. 166) Oscar Mayer 2008.01.20 Stevens Brothers (NYC baseball stadiums)--see: baseball concessions FAQ ice (USA, general) 2012.07.18 ice cream 1920s [3] 2005.04.21 1930s 2002.05.18 1950s 2002.04.19 1965 (gallon, 1/2 gallon) 2015.01.09 Good Humor bars, 1950s 2006.04.29 Good Humor Whammy bars 2012.02.17 ice cream cones 1904 2006.01.30 ice cream cones, 1957 [3] 2003.08.19 ice cream sundaes 1972 2014.06.27 soft serve 2012.01.09 NOTE: post WWII Kix cereal, 1937-1970 2009.07.26 lemons added to lemon FAQ lesson plan/data 2000.04.06 lettuce 2010.03.30 margarine, 1900 & 1910, 2004.01.05 mayonnaise 1994, 1999, 2004 2004.06.28 milk, 1935 2003.10.13 1949 2013.09.14 milkshakes & malteds, 1950s 2006.03.08 molasses, 1762, monthly 2011.11.21 (uploaded to foodfaq5.html) oatmeal, Mothers, 1930s 2011.03.10 oranges 1850s, Florida 2002.06.24 1901 2009.02.09 peanuts, 1977 2009.12.04 pie, 1900-1919 pizza (USA) 1905 2005.01.27 1930s, slice 2005.01.27 1945 2014.09.09 1965 2004.06.12 2000, Pizza Hut 2008.12.07 popcorn (antitrust lawsuit) 1982 2002.11.13 pork chops 2010.03.30 pork, salt, 1872-1890 2003.09.09 raisins 1956 [2] 2012.12.27 1960 2015.01.19 rice, China, 1947-1949 2012.11.16 salmon, farmed, retail, (Urner Barry's Fresh Farm Salmon Index) 2012.02.16 Saratoga chips 2012.02.23 soda 1950 & 1960 2005.03.02 1986 (12 oz can) 2011.07.13 Coca cola vs Pepsi FAQ soup Campbell's Tomato Soup (condensed cans) 2014.03.27 FAQ clam chowder, 18th century (recipe ingredients pricing) 2014.06.16 SPAM, 1937 2007.05.06 strawberries (USA 1856) 2013.12.17 sugar colonial America [2] 2003.12.16 1942 2002.10.20 tapioca 2013.10.11 Tootsie pops, 1960 2008.02.28 tuna, canned, prices 1910s-1940s (including Starkist prices) 2014.05.10 Twinkies & Snoballs (Hostess) 2006.11.26 Wheat, wholesale, 1935 & 2011 2011.04.05 Whiskey 1840s 2010.06.12 ************************ Australia FAQ Canada [2] 2006.08.15 Germany 1930s 2009.02.19 (FAQ) New Zealand 2008.06.24 Scotland 1550-1780 see book: Prices, food and wages in Scotland/Gibson United Kingdom Medieval & Renaisance eras FAQ 1914--present FAQ (historic prices, foodfaq5.html) 1909 2007.08.27 1970s pub fare 2012.06.01 1971 cheese 2012.06.15 1974 2004.05.27 1992 2004.09.13 United States: 1700s, colonial America [2] 2004.01.14 1770s 2001.01.21 1780-1800 (colonial tavern prices for menu) [3] 2002.11.14 1836 2004.04.07 1840s California Gold Rush 2004.05.13 1853 San Antonio 2004.05.30 1850s Ohio 2009.08.19 1861 2005.01.19 (sample prices uploaded to foodfaq5.html 1869/1870 Minnesota 2009.08.07 (see pages; scanned ads) 1876 2002.09.20 1885 2003.08.27 1894 2003.04.30 1895 [4] 2003.09.02 1896 2003.11.30 1902 2002.03.20 1902-Mississippi 2002.04.11 1903 [2] 2003.08.20 1906 [2] 2005.12.30 1910 [2] 2004.04.15 1919 2008.07.19 1920s 2002.03.15 1920s [New York City cafeterias] 2004.11.29 1920s "average" restaurant dinner 2008.11.03 1922 [general] 2003.10.23 1923 2004.07.11 1927 to present 2001.10.28 1930s 2002.11.17 1933-San Francisco 2008.10.18 1933 2004.06.21 1936-USA restaurant prices 2009.03.01 1937 & 1969 2003.02.09 1937 to present 2001.10.26 1937-North Carolina 2002.10.12 1939 2002.03.24 1940-1945 [1] FAQ (1942, 1944) 1942--shopping list 2004.02.11 1943 2001.04.10 1944-France 2009.11.23 1945 [2] 2001.11.20 1951 2001.04.03 1952-Allentown PA 2002.04.09 1955 [2] 2005.04.17 1960s [basic commodities] [2] 2002.05.23 1962 2002.06.18 1964 2004.01.13 1969 2003.10.13 1970s 2002.01.12 2001-2002 2002.10.09 2008 (fuel-gas & food price connection) 2008.05.08 Food processing & effect on health 2014.03.30 post WWII 2004.08.19 Food pyramid history [8] FAQ Ancient Maya 2006.03.21 16th century "concept" see: Nutrition-history Food rationing 2003.11.04 rationing in restaurants, USA, WWII see: restaurants Food regulations see:U.S. Food and Drug Administration Food safety--see: safety, food Food science (origins, definitions) 2009.08.12 Food service industry--history added to restaurant.html FAQ College food service 2001.06.05 see also: colonial college food FAQ Diversity in food service (modern) 2008.04.18 Empployment & salaries (current) 2003.09.30 Service industry [food & hospitality] 2002.03.20 Food storage--see: storage of food Food supply 2007.07.22 Food styling [3] 2004.08.13 Food tasting (contest guidlines) 2008.11.03 Food trends--how spread & contemporary USA sources [3] 2007.01.01 Food trucks 2012.12.12 FAQ Food-why we eat? 2003.07.23 Food writing--see: food journalism Force--see: breakfast cereal Forcemeat 2005.11.14 Forensic nutrition--see: nutrition Forestiere (garnish) 2005.03.10 Forks--see: silverware Fortune cookies--see: cookies Fouace--see: bread Fra Diavolo--see: Lobster fra diavolo Franco American brand foods 2007.08.30 Frangipane--see: pudding Frankfurters--see: hot dogs Franklin fruit cake--see: cakes-fruitcake Frederick & Nelson's [Seattle department store with bakery & restaurant] 2009.05.23 Free foods (sugar free, fat free, etc.) 2010.05.18 French dip sandwich--see: sandwiches French doughnuts (fritters) 2002.10.30 French dressing (vinaigrette) [9] FAQ French fries--see:potatoes French onion soup --see: soups French pastry (commercial snack cake_--see: cupcake FAQ (Hostess) French roll pans--see: bread French 75--see: alcoholic beverages French toast [32] FAQ Freedom toast 2003.03.17 Haitian style 2002.02.12 French vanilla--see: ice cream French Violet Bisque (ice cream topping) 2008.03.30 Fresh butter (unsalted)--see: butter Fresno sandwich--see: sandwiches Friday franks--see: tuna Fried capellini balls 2011.04.21 Fried chicken--see: chicken Fried foods--see: frying Fried green tomatoes--see: tomatoes Fried meats (general) 2003.07.09 Fried turkey--see: turkey (Cajun deep fried) Fried pickles (deep fried) --see: pickles 2002.11.15 Fried pies--see: pies Fried rice--see: rice Friendship cake--see: cakes Frijoles charros--see: beans Frikadellen (German croquettes)--see: croquettes Frito Lay products 2001.12.04 Frito pie--see: pie Frittata [2] 2003.09.22 Fritters 2003.02.10 FAQ Cream fritters 2003.10.22 Frogs 2005.01.24 FAQ Frogs legs [3] 2004.05.22 FAQ Frogmore stew--see: stew Fromage frais--see: cheese Frontier chicken--see: chicken Frosting--see:icing Frosty Dog--see: ice cream Frozen food--inventor? [3] 2004.04.17 Frozen foods--United Kingdom 2003.11.07 Frozen pie crust--see: pie Frozen yogurt--see: yogurt Fruit--popular American 2003.08.26 Crystalized 2004.10.23 Dried fruit--see: leather, fruit Fruit butters--see: Apple butter FAQ Fruit & nut bars 2013.09.08 Fruit cake--see: cakes Fruit curds--see: Fruit butters Fruit Float (Libby's dessert item) 2005.01.20 Fruit cocktail pie--see: pies Fruit imports (out of season) 2007.07.14 Fruit jellies 2003.10.02 Fruit leather--see: leather Fruit salad--see: salad Fruit slices--see: candy Fruit Stripe gum--see: chewing gum Fruit transportation see: banana transport Fruitcake--see: cake Fruits de mer 2005.10.13 Frumenty [3] 2006.01.02 Fry bread--see: bread Frying [8] 2004.09.23 FAQ deep frying [12] 2004.12.23 FAQ electric frying pans (electric skillets), USA 1950s+ 2013.02.20 extreme deep fried foods (deep fried candy bars, deep fried twinkies, etc.) [4] 2006.09.29 FAQ frying pans (sources for research) 2004.05.20 spider (frying pan with legs) 2012.02.21 Fu--see: seitan Fudge--see candy Fudge 'N Nut cookies--see: cookies Fuddrucker's--see: restaurants Ful Mudammas--see: countries-Egypt Fulachta Fiadh--see: countries-Ireland Fun Dip--see: candies Funeral food [6] 2005.02.23--see also: Day of the Dead foods Amish funeral pie (raisin pie) 2005.02.23 Doed cakes (dead cakes/Dutch) [5] 2005.02.23 Funeral biscuits (Irish) 2005.02.23 Funeral sandwiches 2014.04.01 Fungi 2004.09.07 Funnel cakes FAQ Mexican Funnel Cakes 2011.06.14 (Funnel Cake FAQ) Funny Face drink mix (& period competition) [2] 2003.07.23 Future food [2] 2003.09.15 G.H. Bent-contact information 2000.08.05 Gai lan (vegetable) 2003.12.03 Galangal (aka galingale) 2014.02.18 Galantines [3] 2003.09.27 Galen--see: Nutrition history, Renaissance Galettes--see: bread Galingale (medieval spice) 2004.01.22 Gallo pinto [6] 2003.03.06 Game, wild [2] 2003.02.06 Ganache 2003.12.08 Gandhi, Mahatma--see: famous people Garage wine--see: wine Garbage plate (Rochester NY) 2012.01.03 Garde manger [12] 2004.05.10 Garden eggs--see: eggplant Garden parties Picnic FAQs Gardoon--see: cardoon Garlic [9] 2004.03.21 FAQ chocolate covered garlic pills--see: presidents, Eleanor Roosevelt Garlic knots--see: bread FAQ Garlic powder 2007.09.25 Garlic soup--see: soups National Garlic Day 2012.01.24 Roast garlic (roasted garlic) 2006.06.22 Garnish [4] 2005.02.09 Gastrique--see: sauces Gastronomic normal (food service pan sizes) 2013.07.27 Gastronomique banquet 2006.04.18 Gatorade & Powerade [2] 2001.01.24 Gazpacho--see: soups Gefilte fish--see: fish Gelatin (medieval, colonial, manufactured, isinglass) [7] 2005.08.05 Gelato--see: ice cream General Tso's Chicken--see: chicken Generic foods (vs national & store brands) [2] 2003.01.06 FAQ Genetically modified foods [5] (See also designer foods) 2004.01.25 Genoise--see: cakes-sponge Gentrification of food (culinary gentrification) 2006.03.27 Gentse Watersooi (Belgian one-pot meal) 2006.01.31 Geophagy (pica) 2004.01.31 Georgia Hots--see: hot dogs Georgie Porgie (aka Gorgie Porgie) brand breakfast cereal 2012.01.13 Gerber's Baby Food--see:baby food German foods--see: countries-Germany German potato salad--see: salads Gianduja--see: Nutella Gibraltar rock--see: candy Ginger [5] 2005.04.28 candied ginger 2012.05.03 race of ginger (rase of ginger) measure--see: measurements Ginger ale [3] 2003.01.21 Ginger cakes & nutmeg 2003.06.05 Ginger, preserved (recipes) 2008.111.24 Ginger snaps--see: cookies Gingerbread FAQ Gingerbread houses [4] 2004.09.08 Gingerbread men--famous people/recipes 2002.05.22 Gingerbread nuts--see: cookies Gingergread with lemon sauce 2013.01.06 Grasmere (Sarah Nelson, Rush Bearer's Cake) 2007.09.26 hot water cake recipe--see: cakes-hot water Parkin 2008.03.10 Girl Scouts USA Goulash recipes 2008.05.27 Indian Corn Cake recipe (1970s) 2010.10.03 (see paper copy for recipe) Glace--see: sauces, glace Glayva (liqueur) 2005.08.29 Globe Theatre, concessions 17th century 2002.05.05 FAQ Gluten free gluten free cook books--see: cook books products, USA 2014.03.02 Gluttons, Gourmands, Gastronomes & Gourmets 2010.01.06 Gnocchi--see: potatoes Goat cheese--see: cheese Goats [5] 2006.04.03 FAQ Goats & the Bible 2003.08.21 Goetta (Cincinnati scrapple, see also: gritwurst, scrapple) [3] 2004.11.29 Goitrogens (affecting the goiter) 2009.10.22 Gohs, Carl--see: Zucchini bread FAQ Goji berries 2005.04.06 Gold leaf & silver leaf (aka edible gold) [5] 2005.04.25 Golden Door restaurant--see: restaurants Golden Key drive ins--see: restaurants Golden Steer restaurant--see: restaurants Golden Tap--see: orange juice "Gone With the Wind" dinner menus 2003.12.08 Gongs--see: bells Good & Fruity--see: candy Good & Plenty--see: candy Good Start H.A. --see: baby food Gorditas [3] 2005.02.10 Goose Christmas, Victorian-era 2005.11.17 FAQ Green goose 2012.08.29 Goose grease candy--see: candy Gooseberries 2013.07.17 FAQ Gordon's water--see: alcoholic beverages GORP--see: trail mix Gorton--see: creton Gouda--see: cheese Goulash--see: stew Gourmet (defn & sources for study) [2] 2005.08.11 Governor sauce--see: sauces Graham cracker cake--see: cakes Granulated sugar--see: sugar Grape pie--seee:pies Grapelade (Welch's) 2006.07.02 Grapefruit 2010.11.18 FAQ Graham, Sylvester 2008.08.06 Graham crackers--see: cookies Granita--see: Ice cream Granola 2003.03.04 Grant, Ulysses S.--see: Presidental food favorites Grape tomatoes--see: tomatoes-grape Grapes 2003.10.21 FAQ Concord grapes 2003.09.17 FAQ iced grapes (for centerpieces) 2007.11.27 Keuka Lake (NY Finger Lakes) 2009.08.12 red seedless (Flame) 2005.01.20 FAQ Grapeseed oil 2013.05.22 (+ articles in file) Grasmere Gingerbread--see: Gingerbread Grasshopper pie--see: pies Gratin--see: au gratin Gratin Daphinois--see: potatoes Gravlox [2] 2004.04.04 When popular in America? 2005.11.15 Gravy see also: chocolate gravy [2] 2003.12.06 Cowboy gravy 2006.01.02 Giblet egg gravy (chopped hard cooked eggs) Texas, history not found 2011.11.19 Hot dog gravy--see: hot dogs Gravy fries--see: potatoes-gravy fries Greates (groats, grits) [3] 2004.11.22 FAQ Grits in Texas 2007.07.09 Green, Edith (TV cooking show host & cookbook author) 2007.09.22 Green bean amandine (green bean almondine)--see: casseroles Green bean casserole--see: casseroles Green dinner {Herve This mention in Kitchen Mysteries) 2013.01.11 Green foods (most popular) 2004.03.17 Green Goddess salad dressing--see: salads Green goose--see: goose Green meat (fresh kill) 2004.08.11 Green Revolution 2001.11.01 Greens (turnip, collard, mustard) [4] 2004.02.10 FAQ Grenadine (prices, USA, 1946)--see: food prices Gretwurst--see:gritwurst Grilled cheese--see: sandwiches Grilling-American word (broiling) [4] 2004.05.10 Grills, barbeque--se: barbecue grills Grinders, food [aka food mills] [5] 2004.04.19 Gritwurst (see also: goetta, scrapple) 2004.09.03 Groats--see: greates Grocery stores & supermarkets--sources for historic study 2014.08.09 Groom's cake--see: cake Gross National Product (US)-food-1970s 20034.05.12 Gruel [2] 2005.10.15 Gruit--see: beer Guacamole/avocados [8] FAQ Guildmaster sauce--see: sauces Guilds (Medieval) 2010.09.29 Guinea fowl 2007.11.29 Gum --see chewing gum Gumbo--see: soup Gummi bears--see: candy-gummi bears Guys & Dolls dinner menus (NYC early 1950s) 2005.07.29 Gypsy tart--see: pies Gyros [8] FAQ H & P sauce--see: sauces H.O.--see: oatmeal Hachis-17th century hash recipe 2001.02.13 Haddie, chicken--see: chicken haddie Haddock Elizabeth--see: fish Hagelslag--see: candy Haggis [5] FAQ Hairy willie--see: potatoes Halal--see: religion & food, Islam Halloween foods--see: holidays Hallstatt salt--see: salt Halusky--see: dumplings Halvah--see: candy Ham [5] 2004.07.08 FAQ cottage ham 2006.01.29 country ham 2007.07.12 curing 2003.09.11 Easter 2004.04.13 FAQ Maryland stuffed ham 2006.12.20 picnic ham [3] 2004.02.03 FAQ Spanish (Serrono, Jabugo) [2] 2003.03.23 FAQ spiral carved (Honey Baked Hams) 2009.03.13 FAQ Thanksgiving? 2003.11.26 Turkey ham--see: turkey Haman's ears--see: cookies Hamballs [2] 2003.03.02 Hamburger Helper 2005.10.09 Hamburgers [6] 2003.08.28 & fries 2004.04.15 canned hamburger patties (Swift's Premium & Claridge) [2] 2008.07.16 Henry's Hamburgers (chain fast food)--see: restaurants Long Boy Hamburgers (& cheeseburgers) 2009.04.17 silver dollar 2004.05.04 sliders (mini hamburgers) Texas burgers 2005.01.15 Hamilton, Alexander--see: famous people Hanami--see: holidays Hangman's loaf--see: sandwiches Hangtown Fry 2014.05.28 Happy Hour--see: alcoholic beverages Haram--see: religion & food, Islam Hard sauce--see: sauce Harlem Renaissance--see: 1920s-1930s Hartshorn--see: ammonia cookies FAQ Hashbrowns--see: potatoes Hardtack [4] 2003.10.13 candy--sugar free (recipe) 2000.12.12 Hari, Mata--see: famous people Haribo (UK confectioner--see: candy Harvard beets--see: beets Harvey Houses--coffee 2006.05.10 Harvey Wallbanger cake--see: cakes Harvey's sauce--see: sauce Hasselback potatoes (Sweden)--see: potatoes Hasty pudding-see: puddings Hawaii Kai (NYC theater district restaurant)--see: restaurants Hawaiian Pie--see: pies Hazelnuts--see: nuts Head cheese--see: brawn Health foods 2002.02.26 Healthy snacks 2002.10.13 Heartburn cobbler--see: pies, cobbler Hearts 2004.12.20 Hearts of palm 2002.05.08 Heater meals 2005.02.07 Heavenly hash--see: ice cream Heckman & Keebler company connection 2009.02.07 Heinemann Bakeries, Chicago 2009.12.27 Heirloom vegetables (origins, including tomatoes 2008.09.22 Hellmann's mayonnaise (Blue Ribbon) see: sauces-mayonnaise Hello Dolly Bars--see: cookies Hello Dolly dinner menus suggestions (NYC 1890s) 2013.02.13 Hemp seeds [2] 2005.10.10 Henry's Drive-ins (hamburger chain)--see: restaurants Herbs Colonial era 2004.03.02 Fines herbes 2014.07.13 FAQ vs spices [2] 2004.01.24 Hermits--see: cookies Hero sandwiches--see: sandwiches Herring (Baltic) 2001.01.09 Herring/Symbolic holiday meaning 2002.12.20 Hershey's cocoa fudge--see: candy Heydey--see: cookies Hickory nuts--see: nuts High altitude cake mixes--see: cakes/cake mixes FAQ High frutcose corn syrup--see: corn Hiller, Elizabeth O. 2007.12.05 Hindenberg menus (airship, blimp, dirigible) circa 1930s 2007.03.05 Hindu foods & taboos--see: religion & food, taboos Hines, Duncan (man) FAQ cake mix brand---see: cakes Hippie foods (USA late 1960s-early 1970s) 2010.04.28 Hippodromes--see: cookies Hits--see: crackers Hmong--see:countries-Laos Hoagies (Philadelphia-style subs), see: faq submarines Hoagy's Corner Deli--see: restaurants Hodge podge 2005.08.01 Hoe cakes [3] 2002.10.14 Hoffman Beverage Company 2008.03.01 Hogmanay see: holidays-New Year Hoisin sauce 2001.06.28 Hokey pokey sweets--see: ice cream 2003.07.21 Holidays & special events Children's party food 2001.01.01 Chinese New Year 2006.12.30 Christmas FAQ Australian 2006.12.08 Befana cookies/cakes (Italy, Epiphany) 2008.10.24 Boar's head--see: wild boar Christmas cake--see: cake-Yule cake Cuba 2006.12.14 France, 20th century menus 2008.12.18 Holland (Netherlands) [2] 2005.12.12 India 2007.09.21 international 2002.12.05 italy, 20th century menus 2008.12.18 Medieval Europe 2005.10.07 Mexico [2] 2005.12.18 17th century England & Germany 2003.10.25 1840 England 2002.12.05 1840 Texas [English settlers] 2005.12.09 1880 Arizona 2007.12.08 1950s USA [2] 2003.10.31 Menus: President Kennedy 2003.05.24 Nuts & fruit (as gifts) [3] 2006.12.06 Oranges (as gifts) 2005.10.09 Roosevelt (TR, FDR) 2003.05.29 1900 & 1942 ("Average" American) 2004.02.09 Seven fishes of Christmas (Italian) [3] 2005.11.16 South Africa 2009.02.18 Spain 2005.12.12 Switzerland 2006.11.28 Ukraine, 12 course dinner 2007.12.01 Cinco de Mayo 2012.04.13 Easter foods (general) FAQ America, 1600-1800 2002.12.15 Czech blessing of baskets 2012.04.01 (paper copy) Dutch/Netherlands 2006.04.18 Egg rolls (hunts) in Washington D.C. 2009.02.26 Green Thursday (Easter tradition) [2] 2005.03.24 Halloween 2005.09.07 Hanami (Japanese cherry blossom viewing & picnic) 2007.01.26 Kentucky Derby party menu 2001.03.26 FAQ (statefoods) New Year's Day FAQ 1900-1909 2005.08.30 1940s: cocktail party (post WWII) 2005.12.17 Colonial American collations 2005.11.29 Cookies (Dutch) 2006.12.21 good luck foods 2005.01.01 Hogmanay (Scotland) 2005.12.28 Philadelphia Mummers cakes 2006.12.21 New Year's Eve, 1930s 2008.12.15 Thanksgiving FAQ Canadian 2006.11.11 Valentines Day candy [3] 2003.01.30 Holland honey fruit cake (aka Holland fruit cake) see: cakes-fruit cake Hollandaise--see: sauce Hollywood bread (brand) see:--breads Holstein schnitzel--see: weiner schnitzel Holzit pie pan 2013.01.03 Hominy [2] 2002.10.19 Sofkee (sofki) 2010.12.30 added to hominy FAQ Homity pie--see: pies Honey FAQ Beekeeping in England [18th century] 2006.02.24 FAQ Honey mustard--see: sauce Poisoned honey (death by honey) 2008.01.22 Honey slides 2011.01.29 Hoppin' John [6] 2003.03.29 Hootie Creek cookies--see: cookies Horehound (hoarhound) [3] 2006.01.02 Horlick's powder (malteds) 2002.11.27 Horn & Hardart automat recipes [3] FAQ (automats) applesauce 2002.08.26 Applesauce cake 2004.11.15 broiled onion 2002.06.30 cheese cake 2000.09.09 fried cod 2002.06.30 pumpkin pie 2002.01.13 rice pudding 2000.12.13 spaghetti 2002.08.26 spaghetti sauce 2000.10.20 Horse meat [3] 2003.03.19 Horseradish [3] 2003.10.08 with beef--see: beef Hostess cupcakes--see: cupcake FAQ Hot and sour soup--see: soups Hot chips 2009.05.15 Hot chocolate--see: chocolate Hot cross buns--see: bread Hot dish--see: casseroles Hot dogs [4] 2003.10.14 Chicago style 2005.01.16 Dodger Dogs 2008.06.02 Fenway Franks 2005.05.26 Georgia Hots 2007.04.24 Hot dog gravy (recipes) 2007.03.08 Hot dogs & Apple pie (paired as traditional American foods) 2008.10.24 ingredients 2003.03.27 Prices--see: prices-hot dogs Twitchell, Frank (Hot dog king, Chicago) 2005.07.25 West Virginia Hot Dog Sauce 2010.11.11 Hot milk cake--see: cake Hot-N-Tot Sauce--see: sauces Hotcakes--see: pancakes Hotel menus, NYC 91920s-1930s)--see: Waldorf Astoria Houdini, Harry--see: famous people House of Chan--see: restaurants House of Murphy 2004.01.20 Howard Johnson's Restaurants Chicken Croquettes--see: chicken Cocktail service? 2011.07.27 28 flavors 2011.07.27 (FAQ) Huckleberry (why named) 2007.04.22 Huckleberry Finn--see: famous people: Twain, Mark Huevos moles (ovos moles) 2004.01.25 Huevos rancheros--see: eggs Hughes, Howard--se: famous people Humbug 2012.11.21 Hummer--see: lobster Hummingbird cake--see: cakes Hummus/hummis [10] 2003.11.26 Hundred year eggs--see eggs Hunter's beef--see: beef Hunter's sausage (Landjaeger) recipe 2002.05.07 Hunter's soup--see: soups Hupa subsistence (Northern California Native Americans) 2005.1230 Hush puppies [15] FAQ Hutchinson, E.--see: cook books (Ladies Indispensable Assistant) Huyler's restaurant & confectionery stores (NYC) see: restaurants Hydrogenated oils see: oils Hydromel--see: mead Hydrox cookies--see: cookies Ice 2005.04.04 American west 2009.12.29 Ancient China 2005.12.23 Ice box--see: Icebox Ice cream [8] FAQ Abood Ice Cream Company/Cleveland OH 2008.10.01 alcohol in ice cream 2014.09.03 American Ice Cream Company [Decatur IL] 2006.02.04 Baked Alaska [4] FAQ Banana splits [7] FAQ Bassett/Philadelphia [longest continuously USA manufactured brand?] 2012.09.25 Black cows/root beer floats [8] 2004.07.26 FAQ Bomb Pops 2008.06.28 Bombe 2006.02.15 FAQ cake [3] 2004.01.05 FAQ Carnation Company 2001.06.15 Chicago Brick (vanilla, caramel & orange sherbet) 2008.05.02 Cherries on top 2003.09.24 FAQ Chipwich 2006.06.22 Cho Cho bars [5] 2006.08.30 FAQ Chocolate ice cream 2012.04.30 FAQ Chocolate mint chip [aka mint chocolate chip, mint chip] 2013.06.26, Xref: stracciatella Coffee ice cream 2006.11.16 Cookies & Cream 2008.03.24 David Haram (aka David Harum, David Harem) [sundae, Canada] 2008.08.01 Dippin Dots 2007.02.25 Dixie cups (aka Skippy cups) 2008.04.29 Dolley Madison/1812 2003.07.23 Drumsticks 2005.08.31 Feast Lolly & Big Feast (Wall's/Unilever) 2013.04.10 Fifty-Fifty bars (50-50 bars) 2008.02.17 Flavors original 2003.03.06 early American added to ice cream FAQ (general) 1920s 2002.07.11 personality predictors [psychology of flavor choice] 2007.08.16 total number in world [3] 2006.08.15 Floats--see: black cows Freezers, patents [Nancy Johnson, electric, etc.] 2007.02.02 French style [French vanilla] [3] 2003.12.15 Fried [2] 2004.04.05 FAQ (Baked Alaska) Frosty dog (ice cream novelty) [2] 2012.08.28 Gelato [4] 2004.11.01 FAQ Haagen-Dazs brand [2] 2005.03.16 Half gallon containers see: food packaging Heavenly hash (also salad candy, fruit cocktail recipe) 2014.01.16 FAQ Hokey pokey treats 2003.07.21 FAQ Ice cream cones 2002.09.10 FAQ Prices, 1904--see: food prices Sugar cones 2012.01.17 Ice cream forks--see: silverware Ice cream powder (Jell-O) [2] 2004.02.19 Ice Cream Snowballs (Foremost product, with candles) 2009.10.25 Italian water ice/granita [3] FAQ Jefferson, Thomas--see: presidents-Jefferson Knickerbocker Glory 2007.04.21 Kulfi (Indian ice cream) 2009.02.24 Milk shakes [3] 2003.09.16 FAQ Cabinets (Rhode Island) 2004.09.28 Milky Way (& other commercial candy/ice cream partnership 2008.09.26 Mixes--see: Ice cream powder Molds, Krauss 2010.09.09 Neapolitan [5] 2003.12.29 FAQ New York City (first parlor) 2010.08.03 Novelties (ice cream bars, eskimo pies & popsicles) [3] 2004.07.03 Christmas tree shaped novelty 1950-1960 (not found) 2013.01.26 most popular novelties (current) 2008.10.12 Novelty, served on platter in commercial (not found) 2008.06.30 Oyster ice cream (Mary Randolph) 2013.07.26 FAQ Packaging (1/2 gallon shrinkage, zip tops) 2012.06.12 FAQ Parfait [5] FAQ Philadelphia style 2009.03.19 FAQ Pistachio flavor 2008.05.14 Popsicles [3] FAQ Pretzels in ice cream 2009.08.04 Prices--see: food prices Rocky Road [6] 2005.08.23 FAQ Root beer floats--see: black cows sandwiches [6] 2004.07.09 FAQ Scoops (aka dishers) [2] 2005.09.09 Sherbet powder 2004.05.20 Sno kones (snow cones) [3] 2005.06.13 Socials/sociables [6] 2004.06.05 sorbet/sherbet [2] 2002.11.02 FAQ palate cleansing properties/course 2013.10.25 FAQ soft 2002.08.11 spumoni [2] 2005.08.27 Stracciatella (chocolate chip) 2003.08.29 Sundae [4] 2003.11.23 FAQ Tasse a glace (aka ice cups) early serving containers 2014.06.09 Ten Below (mix product) 2007.02.19 Thomas Jefferson's 2002.08.15 Tin roof sundae [2] 2007.08.09 Tomato (not found, consulted A. Smith) Vala's Ice Cream (company) 2002.09.02 Vienetta 2006.04.16 Whale oil (as ingredient, instead of dairy cream) 2008.01.22 White House cherry (flavor)--see: cakes-White House Cherry Ice relish dish (Haviland China) 2010.11.24 Icebox cake--see: FAQ Icebox cookies--see: cookies-refrigerator Icebox pie--see: pies-refrigerator Iced coffee--see: coffee Iced Fruit Cookies (Nabisco) see: cookies Iced grapes--see: grapes Iced tea--see: tea Icer bowl (Fostoria Fairfax, depression glass) tomato juice insert 2012.08.26 Icing/frosting --see also: sugar paste [7] FAQ boxed instant frosting mix (Betty Crocker) 2011.10.24 buttercream 2003.05.16 Chocolate 2003.08.20 Double Dutch Frosting Mix (Pillsbury, for Tunnel of Fudge Cake) 2007.03 Fondant (ready to use, in [pre-made sheets or mixes, lay over cake, aka rolled fondant]) [2] 2008.01.12 FAQ Ready to spread (canned) [3] 2004.06.16 FAQ Ideal bars--see: cookies Idiot's Delight (Civil War era dessert) [2] 2007.03.31 Idli (India) [3] 2005.05.14 Imagawayaki (Japan) 2004.10.08 Imperatrice see: rice Impossible pie--see: pies Inca foods [2] FAQ Income & Food (how wealth affects food choices) 2006.02.16 Indian-American restaurants--see: restaurants Indonesian Lamb Roast--see: lamb Infant formula--see: baby food Inflight catering [5] 2005.09.24 Injera--see:breads Innkeeper's pie--see: pie Insects (bugs) for human consumption 2013.09.24 FAQ Instant coffee--see: coffee potatoes--see: potatoes pudding see: pudding Internet food, cooking & recipes--see: recipes Inuit--bread 2003.08.14 Inuit--how kept food from freezing [2] 2003.09.08 Iodized salt--see: salt Iowa State Fair, baking contests [2] 2004.05.15 Irish coffee-see: coffee Irish potato soup--see: soups Irish soda bread--see: bread Iroquois foods--see: Native Americans "Is it soup yet?"--see: soup Isinglass--see: gelatin Islamic foods (ancient & customs)--see: religion & food Italian beef sandwich--see: sandwiches Italian cream cake--see: cake-Italian cream Italian food history--see: countries-Italy Italian love cake--see: cakes Italian (water) ice--see: ice cream Italian wedding soup (minestra maritata) see: soup Jack rolls (aka jack bread, Australia )--see:breads Jack's Cookies--see: cookies Jackson, Augustus--see: famous people Jaegerschnitzel 2005.03.24 Jalisco (Mexican cheese--see: cheese-Mexico) Jam [5] 2001.10.29 FAQ Jam, jelly & preserves [definitions & differences] [6] 2006.10.01 FAQ Jam cake--see: cakes Jambalaya [2] 2005.04.18 Jamaican jerk chicken--see: chicken Jamaican meat patties--see:beef Jap cakes--see: cakes Japanese fruit cake--see: cakes, fruit cake Jar cake--see: cakes-cake in a jar Jar mixes (gifts) 2004.06.04 Jell-O JELLO-1-2-3 [3] 2004.03.06 Jell-O popcorn--see: Candy-popcorn balls Lemon Jell-O, whipped cream, vanilla cookies recipe (not found) 2011.10.13 Jelly FAQ consistency/why wobbles? 2004.06.27 fruit 2003.08.02 grape 2003.11.18 jelly doughnuts--see: doughnuts-fastnacht & bismark Jerked foods--see: Chicken, Jamaican Jerk Chicken Jerky-beef FAQ beef recipes 2001.06.18 beef-Santa Fe trail 2003.01.25 Civil War era 2005.11.17 Slim Jims 2009.04.21 Jerome's--see: candy Jewish foods--see: religion and food Jew's Mallow (aka Jute Mallow, Melohkia) [2] 2013.09.14 FAQ Jezebel sauce--see: sauces Jicama [4] 2005.01.21 Jiffy Joes (Eckrich Ft. Wayne Indiana quick sandwich product) 2011.12.03 Jiggs (sandwiches, dinners (Bringing Up Father) 2011.12.08 Jimmie Cake--see: cakes Jimmies--see: candy Jingles, Salerno--see: cookies Joinville--see: sauces Joe Booker Stew--see: stew John Bull (aka Johhny Bull) pudding--see: puddings Joe Froggers--see: cookies John Sexton & Company 2004.08.06 Johnnie cakes--see: corn Johnnie cookies (Johnny cookies)--see: cookies Johnny crackers [Educator]--see: cookies Jolly Green Giant 2005.01.30 Jolly Ranchers--see: candy Jones Dairy Farm spare ribs--see: pork Jordan almonds--see: nuts-almonds Josephine (Empress)--see: famous people-Napoleon Journalism of food--see: food journalism Jujubees (Heide Co.)--see: candy Julekake--see: cake-Yule cake Julep--see: alcoholic beverages-mint julep Julienne [4] 2005.05.19 Jumbals [aka gimmows, gemmels, sugar cakes]--see: cookies Jumbo raisin cookies--see: cookies Junket--see:puddings Jute Mallow--see: Jew's Mallow Kadayif (also Qata'if, kunafa, knafeh) 2006.04.22 Kaffe Hag--see: coffee Kahlua cake--see: cakes Kaiser pudding--see: puddings Kaiser rolls--see: breads Kan, Johnny (restaurateur)--added to foodasian FAQ Kamishbrot (Ukraine)--see: cookies Kangaroo cookies--see: cookies Karo syrup [2] 2001.06.30 How named? 2005.01.10 peanut brittle recipe 2002.01.10 Kasha 2004.02.26 Kayo Chocolate Drink--see: chocolate Keba--see also: shashlik [6] FAQ Kellogg's company (first foods) 2004.11.13 Kellogg's Corn Flake Crumbs--see: corn flakes Kelp--see: algae Kefir (fermented milk product) 2004.10.25 Kendal Mint Cake--see: candy Kennedy's Biscuit Company [aka Kennedy Biscuit Works] [2] 2006.11.01 Kennedy's Butter & Eggs--see: restaurants Kentucky Derby party menu [3] 2003.11.19 pie--see: pie Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC)--see: chicken Keoke coffee--see: coffee Kesco roll cutter (1950s) 2014.04.02 Ketchup [5] 2004.01.11 FAQ Bottle sizes 1950s 2012.06.10 Pride of the Farm brand 2007.07.06 Kettilby, Mary (Kettelby, cook book author) see: British Housewife/Lehmann Kettles--see: tea-kettles Key Keeper (story on Junket pudding boxes) 2007.04.14 Key lime pie--see: pie Kheer (Indian rice pudding)--see: pudding KhoiKhoi (aka Khoisan) peoples--see: Africa Kibbeh (aka kebbee, kibbe) [4] 2005.02.22 Kidder, Edward 2003.12.03 Kidneys (for breakfast) 2012.03.12 Kimchee (Korea) 2012.02.21 Recipes 2005.04.21 King, Martin Luther Jr.--see: famous people King Ranch chicken--see:chicken Kiowa peoples--see: Native Americans Kirk, Dorothy (cookbook author) 2007.10.16 Kishka (kishke) see: sausages-stuffed derma Kiss torte--see: pie-Angel Pie Kiszka--see: sausage Kit Kat pies (aka Katts pies)--see: pies Kitchens 2005.02.21 (see also: cooking utensils) Cookers (first gas & electric) 2007.03.14 Test kitchens (American) 2007.02.06 Kitchiner, William, spring soup recipe see: soup Kiwi fruit [4] 2004.01.05 Klepon (Indonesian sweet coconut rice balls) [2] 2005.12.05 Knafeh--see: kadayif Knickerbocker Glory--see: ice cream Knife skills (French)--wee: taillage Knish [2] 2005.05.03 Knoefla soup--see: soups-knoefla Kobe beef--see: beef Kobey's Brand (Pik Nik Foods)--see: potatoes-potato sticks Kochu chang--see:sauces Kofta (meatball) 2004.02.25 Kohlrabi 2005.09.03 Kolache (kolacky) [5] 2004.09.28 Konpeito--see: candy-comfits Kool aid pickles--see: pickles Korean restaurants--see: restaurants Korma [2] 2008.09.22 Koshari 2004.10.02 Kosher foods--see: religion & food Kouloura--see:bread Kraft Dinner--see: Macaroni & cheese Kransekake--see: cakes Kreplach 2010.05.24 (see: dumpling FAQ) Kringla/krinlges (Norway) 2004.09.23 Kuchen--see: cake (apfelkuchen) Kugel--see: puddings-noodle Ku Kwa--see: melon, bitter Kuey Lapis [aka kueh lapis, kek lapis, Nonya dessert] 2011.05.20 Kulfi--see: ice cream Kulick--see:bread Kumara--see: sweet potato Kunafa--see: Kadayif Kung Po Chicken--see: chicken Kwakiutl Indians 2003.09.26 La Choy 2008.02.23 Labeneh (laban, leben)--see: yogurt Ladies' menus--see: menus Lady (loaf kneader) 2004.07.04 Lady Baltimore cake--see: cake Ladyfingers [4] 2003.09.01 Lactic acid in foods 2004.04.22 Ladles--see: silverware Lafayette Cake (Lafayette rice cake, Pennsylvania Cake)--see: cakes Lafayettes---see: candy Laksa--see: pasta Lamb 2013.03.23 FAQ see also: Denver ribs Indonesian Lamb Roast (Trader Vic's) 2011.05.09 Lamb & mint sauce [4] 2003.08.04 FAQ Lamb Henry 2003.12.12 Lamg (India) 2005.07.15 Lamb Navarin--see: Navarin Lambs' brains--see: brains Word origin (English) 2007.09.39 Lamb, TK Bakery (TK Lamb Company Toowoomba Queensland Australia 2012.11.30 Lamb's fru 2008.09.15 Lamb's lettuce--see: lettuce Lamingtons--see: cake Landjaeger (Hunter's) sausage recipe 2002.05.07 Lane cake--see: cakes Langues de chat--see: cookies Lard [3] 2006.02.02 1960s (grocery store USA brands) 2009.09.24 Leaf lard 2013.09.19 FAQ Sandwich--see: sandwiches, lard Larders 2004.04.21 Larry's Poor Boy Sandwiches--see: sandwiches Lasagne--see:pasta Latkes--see:potato Lavash (aka lavosh) Armenian flat bread--see: bread Lavender [2] 2007.02.01 Le Chantilly [restaurant]--see: restaurants Le St. Germain [restaurant]--see: restaurants Leaf lard--see: lard Leafcup--see: yacon Lean Cuisine 2010.05.10 Leather, fruit [2] 2004.02.14 Leaves, stuffed (fig or grape) see: Stuffed leaves Lebanon bologna--see: sausages Leberknodelsuppe (liver soup)--see: soup Lee, Joseph (inventor of the food processor and/or bread crumber) 2013.03 Leeks [5] 2006.05.25 Leeks, wild--see: ramp Leftover pie--see: pies Leftovers 2012.10.21 Lefse (Norwegian)--see: bread Lego block candy--see: candies--blox Legumes 2003.12.03 Lem-O-Rich (Edward Don Company) 2013.08.14 Lemon bars--see: cookies Lemon Cheese Cake--see: cakes Lemon curd [2] 2005.03.20 Lemon drops--see: candy Lemon meringue cake--see: cake Lemon meringue pie--see: pie Lemon pot pie--see: pie Lemon sauce with gingerbread--see: gingerbread Lemon shake ups--see: lemmonade Lemon sour (soda fountain beverage) 2008.05.27 Lemonade FAQ Lemon shake ups 2014.03.25 Pink lemonade FAQ Lemonade stands 2006.06.13 Lemons [10] FAQ dried lemons 2013.12.13 Lemon & egg sauce--see: soups-avgolemono Lemon & fish--see: fish & lemon Lemon slices in water--see: water Meyer 2008.09.04 added to FAQ pickled--see: limes Lentils Origin & European [2] 2007.03.30 India 2003.02.23 Lenzi, Philip (first ice cream parlor USA) see: FAQ ice cream "first ice cream parlor" Lettuce [4] 2003.08.04 Iceberg [3] 2004.09.14 Lamb's lettuce (aka mache, cornsalad) 2008.05.21 prices--see: food prices Romaine 2004.07.31 Lewis & Clark's food [3] 2003.03.10 Li hing mui--see: crack seed Liard (coin used by La Varenne as a measure for coriander) 2013.07.14 Libby, McNeill, Libby Inc. [2] 2005.09.06 Libby's Fruit Float 2005.10.09 Liberty tea--see: tea Librarians (food history, culinary history) career options 2010.10.12 Libum [2] 2004.09.09 Lichen (edible) 2010.09.16 Licorice 2003.09.21 Spanish (Northern British name for liquorice) 2005.11.06 Lick--see: molasses Light bread--see: breads Light foods (lite foods) 2005.12.07 Lights (lungs) [2] 2005.07.06 Lime ricky (drink) 2004.02.19 Limes [3] 2004.3.22 Australian wild 2003.11.18 Mamoncillo (Spanish limes) 2013.04.13 Pickled [4] FAQ Limpa--see: bread-Swedish breads Linseed 2011.10.26 Linzertortes [5] FAQ Lipton Onion soup mix--see: soups-soup mix Lisbon biscuits--see: cookies Lisbon cakes--see: cookies Lisbon sugar--see: sugar Literature & food (foodways/recipes/menus for book clubs & students) general resources [2] 2010.11.09 Alcott, Louisa May [Little Women] 2007.07.21 evening snacks (after play/book club) 2014.03.30 Pickled limes FAQ Austen, Jane [9] 2004.10.06 (includes notes on poor & labouring class diets) picnics--see: picnics-Jane Austen Bemelmans, Ludwig [Caviar, La Bonne Table] 2010.01.29 Beowulf (Iron Age Scandinavia) 2004.09.23 Bronte, Charlotte [Jane Eyre] 2007.02.05 Chaucer, Geoffrey [Canterbury Tales, Summoner's cake] 2013.09.28 Chekov, Anton [Three Sisters, Cherry Tree] [2] 2003.02.21 Christie, Agatha [Miss Marple, Tuesday Club Murders, "bowl of corn flour"] see: corn-corn flour Dickens, Charles [USA food observations, dinners & menus) 2012.01.28 FAQ Doctorow, E.L. [The Waterworks, NYC 1871] 2013.07.22 Dostoevsky, Fyodr [Brothers Karamazov] 2o11.06.03 Dumas, Alexandre [Count of Monte Cristo](party menu) 2005.01.05 Erdrich, Louise [Master Butechers Singing Club (sausages) 2009.12.19 Hughes, Langston [Thank You Ma'am, 10 cent cake] 2006.10.03 James, Henry [NYC 1840s-1850s] 2013.07.22 Lee, Harper [To Kill a Mockingbird] [7] 2005.02.01 Poe, Edgar Allan 2008.03.17 Rawlings, Marjorie [The Yearling] 2006.01.15 Robin Hood 2012.11.18 Rowling, JK [Harry Potter] 2008.02.04 Steinbeck, John [Grapes of Wrath] 2005.09.14 Twain, Mark [Huckleberry Finn] quicksilver & bread reference [2] 2007.09.23 Whitman, Walt 2008.03.17 Wilder,Laura Ingalls Pan Pack--see: pan pack Rye & Injun Bread--see: breads Verne, Jules [Around the World in 80 Days, breakfasts] 2009.12.17 Zola, Emile [Nana] 2007.01.04 Liver, chopped 2005.12.31 Liver pudding--see:pudding Liver salts (Dr. Andrews) 2002.10.14 Livermush 2006.01.22 see also: liver pudding Livornese sauce--see: sauces Liverwurst 2003.09.28 Lizzies--see: cookies Llakhum--see: yacon Llapingachos--see:potatoes Lo mein--see: noodles Loaf pans 2006.11.06 Lobscouse--see: stew Lobster [6] FAQ Colonial New England, laws 2008.08.03 Flesh side (definition) 2008.04.16 hummer (German word for lobster) 2012.11.21 Lobster bisque--see: soups Lobster Fra Diavolo 2007.08.17 Lobster Newberg 2004.05.24 Lobster season 2008.06.13 Lobster serving dishes 2008.05.23 Lobster Thermidor 2004.05.24 National Lobster Day 2009.06.01 Rock lobster (aka crayfish) 2004.12.03 rolls [2] 2004.01.27 Lobster tail pastry--see: pastry, sfogliatella Local foods movement (& farmers markets) 2005.10.19 Log cabin cake--see: cake Lollipops--see: candy London broil--see: beef Lone Eagle sandwich--see: sandwiches Long Boy hamburgers (& cheeseburgers)--see: hamburgers Long branch potato--see: potatoes Longbread 2007.12.14 Loosetrife--see: tea-liberty tea Lord Baltimore cake--see: cakes Lorraine Swiss--see: cheese Lotus flowers (India) 2005.07.15 Louis Buffet (Tampa Florida) 2007.05.03 Louis Sherry (restauranteur)--see: restaurants Louis Sherry candies--see: candy Louise cake--see:cakes Loukoumades (Greek)--see also: cakes-croquembouche [6] 2005.03.09 Low Country Boil--see: stew- Frogmore Low fat foods (market introduction) 2004.02.20 Lox 2006.03.10 (see also: 1. Gravlox 2. Breads: bagels, lox & creamcheese) Luau--see: United States, Hawaii Lumpia [3] 2003.09.22 Lunarce 2004.06.17 Lunch 19th century, American, general 2007.02.21 19th century, American, school 2004.04.08 Ploughman's lunch 2006.07.02 Lunchables [2] 2004.04.30 Lussekatter (Lucia's Cats)--see: breads Lutefisk--see: fish Luwombo (Uganda) 2005.03.15 Lychee (aka litchi) 2005.03.02 Lynden Farms chicken & noodle dinner--see: chicken Lyonnaise potatoes--see: potatoes MSG--see: monosodium glutamate Ma po tofu (ma po bean curd) 2004.09.08 Maca yeast--see: yeast McDonalds--see: restaurants MacIntosh Toffee--see: candy McNamara, Frank--see:Diner's Club Maraconi--see: pasta Macaroons-French [9] 2004.04.14 Mace (spice) [2] 2004.09.21 Mache--see: lettuce-lamb's lettuce Macque choux--see: soup, corn chowder, macque choux Mad Hatter potato chips (Toronto) 2003.09.22 Madeira cake--see: cakes Madeleines & Proust [3] FAQ Madelenas--see: cakes-cupcakes-fairy cakes Maenna-Roumanian 2003.01.26 Magic Flavor Capsule (Royal Pudding mixes) see: Puddings, Mixes, Royal Brand Mai fan rice noodles see: rice Mai lo--see: puddings Mai tai 2005.03.02 Maids of Honour--see: cakes Mail order foods--see: Swiss Colony Maintenon (Escoffier's definition) 2006.05.14 Maisel, Arthur (restauranteur) 2008.05.02 Makarounes--see: Pasta Malakoff--see: cake Mallomars--see: cookies Mallowpuffs--see: cookies Mallow Russe 2006.06.28 Malt [2] 2007.07.15 Malt loaf--see: bread Malted flour 2007.07.15 Malted milk [6] FAQ Malted waffles 2007.07.15 Maltex (hot, creamy cereal) 2008.10.03 Mamoncillo--see: limes Ma'mounia and ma'moul--see: cakes: basboosa Manchego--see: cheese Mandarin oranges--see: oranges Mandelbrot--see: cookies Mandrake--see: tomatoes Mangoes [7] 2004.10.07 Manicotti--see: pasta Manioc--see: cassava Manjar Bianco--see: Dulce de Lechoe Mantou (Mandu)--see: dumplings Manuscript cook books--see: cook books Maoam (UK candy)--see: candy Maori [New Zealand] FAQ (Australia & New Zealand) Preservation techniques [2] 2005.11.10 Maple sugar FAQ Maple syrup [2] 2004.03.26 1880s 2005.04.05 Imitation maple syrup FAQ (pancake syrup) Marble squares: see-brownies Marchand de vin sauce--see: sauces Margarine Blue Bonnet--sold in glass jars? 2009.01.25 Chiffon 2006.10.20 regulations & prices [2] 2004.01.05 Margaritas [3] 2003.09.02 FAQ Marie Rose/Thousand Island dressings 2003.07.15 Marinades [marinating] 2005.07.19 Mariniere Sauce--see: sauces Marischino cherries see: cherries 2002.04.12 Marjolaine 2006.07.20 Marboro Quiz 2006 2006.08.31 Marmalade FAQ (candy) Coolidge Tomato Marmalade 2007.09.10 Marmite (New Zealand) [2] 2004.09.11 Marrow--see: bones Marshmallows [58] FAQ ancient recipes 2002.11.25 Fluff & creme (same thing?) 2003.03.18 gelatin free? 2001.12.26 gluten free? 2001.08.23 & hot chocolate--see: chocolate, hot how to color 2000.10.20 individual portions 2002.01.01 minis (1950s) 2002.08.29 modern recipes 2003.01.30 prices--see: food prices, candy root recipes 2003.94.03 sandwich cookies--see: cookies Martha Washington cake--see: cakes Martha Washington candy--see: candy Martha Washington pie--see: pies Martinis (& Martini glasses) [2] 2005.07.26 Marzipan--see: candy Mary Ann's measuring cups & baking pans [3] 2003.04.25 Mary Baker--see: baking mixes Mary Jane--see: candy Maryland Biscuit Company [Baltimore] 2011.10.22 Maryland Caramel Tomatoes--see: tomatoes Marzetti casserole--see: casseroles Masa--see: corn Mashed potatoes--see: potatoes-mashed Mashua (Peru) 2013.09.14 Maslin (grain combination) 2004.08.08 Masoor/Masur (Indian lentils) 2003.02.23 Massai--see: countries-Kenya Massailot (English translations?) 2007.09.12 Master Buthers Singing Club/Erdrich--see: literature & food Matelotte--see:soup Matkanash--see: bread Matzo [matzah] [3]--see: bread Matzo ball soup--see: soups Matzo balls [4] 2005.01.24 added to dumpling faq Matzo Brei [4] 2003.04.21 Maubi (aka maubey)--see: alcoholic beverages Mawmeny 2007.11.14 Maxim--see: coffee Maximillian sauce--see: sauces Maxwell House tea--see: tea Maya foods [2] FAQ Meat 2004.02.25 Mayocoba beans--see: beans Mayonnaise--see: sauces Mazagran--see: coffee Mazamorra--see: corn Mazetta (White Stokes brand) [2] 2006.05.23 Mead [6] 2003.10.12 Meal deals--see: food prices Meal structure (tripartate: meat, starch, vegetable) 2013.08.17 Meal times [2] 2003.10.18 meal times vs grazing (eating when you are hungry) 2009.09.22 Meals Colonial America "typical" meals 2003.12.10 Dejeuner (French) 2005.04.15 Early 20th century America (sample breakfast, lunch & dinner) 2003.10.17 Meals ready to eat (MREs) 2005.02.26 Measurements 1800-1850 2005.02.05 19th century, kitchen implements 2014.02.19 measuring cups, glass 2014.08.17 race (rase) of ginger 2010.01.12 FAQ scales & weights [2] 2009.02.11 standard [5] 2004.09.20 Teaspoons & tablespoons 2005.09.17 weights of USA commodities, 19th century (1883 Grocers Companion/scanned FAQ) Measuring cups--see: measurements Meat 2004.11.17 California meat cutters strike, 1950s 2009.07.31 Camp pie (UK & Australian product, like SPAM) 2013.06.03 curing 2002.01.23 doneness of meat social/historic preferences 2010.04.30 why called rare, medium, well, done? 2011.09.03 meat grinders 2011.08.08 see also: food mills substitutes (vegetarian) 2003.08.12 tenderizers (manufactured & papaya) 2007.05.25 USA consumption statistics 2oth century 2010.07.29 (+World Resource Institute for intl prices) Meat press 2009.08.17 Meat tray raffles (Australia pub tradition) 2003.12.19 Meatballs [12] FAQ Grape jelly recipe 2008.12.08 Swedish meatballs [13] FAQ Swedish meatballs/Joy of Cooking recipe 2003.05.25 Meatloaf [23] FAQ Cajun 2003.04.28 cornflakes/wheaties 2003.02.21 Dry milk or cream in recipe (Pream, Pet Milk): 2008.10.20 Hard boiled eggs embedded 2004.12.03 Meat Loaf Wellington 2009.07.30 (2 recipes attached to paper question sheet, not online) Porcupine meatballs/meatloaf 2005.05.17 Medici, Catherine see: famous people Medieval food--healthier than present day? 2003.08.30 Melah, Valentino (chef to President Grant)--see: chefs Melas Zomos (ancient Athens) 2004.08.01 Melba, peach--see: peaches Melba toast [3] 2004.06.11 Melon Bitter melon (Ku Kwa) 2007.03.10 Mellin's Food [infant/baby food] [2] 2008.04.26 Melokhia--see: Jew's Mallow Melons & ham see: Proscuitto Melting moments--see: cookies Menudo--see: soups-tripe Menus 2005.03.08 1840s prices expressed in British currency (Delmonicos etc.) 2010.04.17 A la Carte [3] 2007.04.07 American south 1920s 2003.01.28 children's (USA, when introduced) 2007.07.09 Christmas USA 1950s 2003.10.17 Classic French (multi-course) FAQ (restaurants, menus) Delmonico's NYC 1834 & 1838 2011.09.09 descriptive 2003.04.17 Dickens banquets, NYC FAQ Ladies' menus (without prices, French & American restaurants) 2012.05.03 Menu del dia (Spain) 2006.04.28 Menu engineering 2006.11.12 NYC kosher deli 1914 2002.11.19 Pay what you want (customers determine price) 2012.05.03 Prix Fixe 2007.04.16 Table d'Hote [3] 2007.04.16 Tasting menus 2005.03.13 Meredith & Drew [UK commercial biscuit makers] 2010.08.06 Meringue--see: pies: lemon meringue Merrimints--see: candy Merveilleux--see: cake Mescal--see: taquila Mesclun--see: salads Mesquite 2009.04.20 Methiglin 2006.01.11 Metrecal--see: breakfast drinks Meuniere 2006.09.25 Mexican foods--see: countries-Mexico Mexican food market data ((USA) 2011.09.01 Mexican hot chocolate (Aztec/Maya) 2002.10.15 FAQ Mexican funnel cakes--see: funnel cake Mexican lasagne--see: pasta-lasagne Mexican wedding cakes/cookies--see cookies Mexican sweet bread (pan dulce)--see: bread-pan dulce Meyer Lemons--see: Lemons Miami Indians--see: Native Americans Michelin guides (restaurant ratings)[2] 2011.06.24 Michigan hot dog sauce [3] 2003.11.11 Mickey Cakes--see: cake Microbes in food (yogurt, cheese, vinegar, beer & wine) 2004.11.23 Microwave ovens restaurant use (incl. McNew's, Tad's, Shrafft's) 2009.12.11 Middle Earth food--see: Tolkein Miga--see: eggs Mignardise--see also: petits fours 2003.08.08 Mike & Ike--see: candy Milanese sauce (& sauce Milaniase)--see: sauces Milani's 1890 salad dressing--see: salad dressings Military food [2] 2006.08.19 (paper only) includes: Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, Hannibal, Anglo Saxons, US Military 16th century UK Navy 2009.02.14 17th century UK 2008.06.23 Army cooking schools--see: schools, cooking Navy, Admiral Byrd, Antarctica, USS Bear, 3rd expedition 1939-1941 2014.02.19 Military pickle--see: pickles Milk [7] FAQ Bainnecor (ancient Celtic/Irish--bainneclabor? aka buttermilk?) 2013.08.25 Blue John (skim milk) 2005.08.31 Bottled, fresh, England (Great Britain) 2005.12.01 Buttermilk (drinking, dried) [4] 2006.09.16 FAQ Cardboard containers 2006.01.20 Carnation Instant Milk [1954] 2010.01.27 FAQ China 2010.01.21 Chocolate milk, commerical [2] 2006.07.07 Colonial America (what kinds were available?) 2010.04.09 Condensed milk--usa recipes 2011.2.18 creamer packets (foodservice) 2011.12.01 gallon container (consumer introduction, USA) 2013.09 FAQ grading (labeling...1%, 2% etc.) 2006.10.11 Infant feeding (1960s USA) added to foodbaby.html Milk and cereal 2004.04.15 Plasmon (UK dried milk albumen)--see: Plasmon Pream (dry nonfat dairy substitute) & meatloaf recipe 2008.10.20 Receiving boxes (home delivery) 2006.05.04 Scalded milk 2005.01.23 Skim milk 2009.09.16 FAQ UK introduction & semi-skimmed milk 2014.02.19 (not found) Sour milk 2013.03.20 FAQ Topic (canned evaporated milk product) 2012.05.20 UTH 2008.10.18 Milk crackers--see: crackers Milk Duds--banana, cherry & grape flavors--see: candy Milk shakes--see: ice cream Mille feuille (mille foglie) [3] FAQ (Napoleons) Millet [3] 2005.01.03 added to FAQ Milling Ancient, Roman Britain & Anglo Saxon techniques 2009.08.23 Millionaire's shortbread--see: cookies-shortbread Milnot (canned milk product) 2004.03.05 Milwaukee foods--see: countries, United States-Wisconsin Minced meat 2003.04.26 Mincemeat/mince pies--see: pies Mineral water--see: water Minerals 2004.09.08 Minestra maritata (Italian Wedding soup)--see: soup Minestrone--see: soup Ming Dynasty (China)--see: 16th centur-China Minoans, ancient Crete--see: Crete Mint 2003.11.12 Mint chocolate chip icec cream--see: ice cream Mint Dazzler (no bake pie recipe)--see: pie Mint juleps--see: alcoholic beverages Mint sauce & lamb--see: lamb Mints (candies)--see: candy Minute Maid (brand & company)--see: orange juice Mirepoix 2005.05.17 FAQ Mississippi mud pie---see: pies Mitton 2006.12.31 Mixed grill 2006.03.18 Mixes, dry 2003.11.18 Mobby--see: alcoholic beverages Mocha [3] 2013.03.25 Mochi--see: rice Mock turtle soup--see: soup (turtle) Mohluhkia (aka mulukia, muluhkiya) 2007.04.07 Moist sugar--see: sugar Mojitos (rum & lime juice) 2003.12.15 Mojo de ajo--see: sauces Molasses [2] 2003.01.14 commerical brands, USA, 1886 2014.03.14 Lick (a western US synonym for molasses) 2004.09.07 Medicinal properties 2010.05.11 Molasses bisuits--see: biscuits Moldy foods (incl. Cheese & yogurt) [9] 2004.02.29 see also: roquefort Molds (jelly, patee, cookies) [2] 2006.10.03 Mole sauce--see: sauces Molecular Gastronomy 2009.06.08 Mongole soup--see: soups Mongolian Beef 2004.03.05 Mongolian firepot [aka Mongolian hotpot, Chinese steamboat] [4] 2004.03.05 Monkey bread--see: bread Monkey dish [6] 2004.02.11 Monkey nuts--see: nuts-peanuts Monosodium glutamate (MSG) & umami [4] 2003.09.19 Mont Blanc (dessert) 2006.07.20 Monte Cristo restaurant, Chicago--see: restaurants Monte Cristo sandwich--see: sandwiches Monte, Maggirino--see: chefs Morel--see:Mushrooms Mornay sauce--see: sauces Mortadella--see: sausages Moss (edible)--see: lichen Motheglam--see: metheglin Mother sauces--see: sauces "Motor picnics" (early 20th century automobile picnics)--see: picnics Motto rocks--see: candy Motto wafers (stationer goods, not food) 2014.02.21 Movie concessions--see: Theater concessions Movies & food (food scenes, signficance, etc.) 2006.03.30 Moravian cookies & sugar cake 2002.04.05 Mohawk Indians--see: Native Americans, Iroquois Mostaccioli--see: cookies Mostarda--see: candy Moulard duck--see: duck Mountain oysters--see: Rocky Mountain oysters Mousse chocolate & white chocolate FAQ Harlequin, Rene Verdon, White House Chef Cook book(recipe) 2007.12.19 (paper only, not transcribed) lemon 2004.11.08 Mousseline [2] 2006.02.22 Mozart cakes--see: cakes Mozzeralla cheese & sticks--see: cheese Mr. Chips--see: cookies Mrs. Butterworth's brand 2003.11.02 Mrs. Butterworth-is she real? (No) 2003.02.21 Mrs. Butterworth--plastic bottle see: food packaging Mrs. Paul's Clam Sticks--see: clams Mrs. Winslow (Mrs. Winslow's Domestic Reciept Book & Mrs. Winslow's Soothing Syrup) 2013.01.28 FAQ Mud pie--see:pies Muddy Buddies--see: puppy chow Mudega (steak or chicken)--see: steak Muffin game [baseball] 2006.03.03 Muisjes--see: candy Mulled beverages [2] 2006.10.30 Munster (Meunster)--see: cheese Murder Mystery train menu [1925] [3] 2004.01.08 Muffins [16] FAQ American [2] 2003.01.06 Blueberry [2] 2003.02.13 Bran [2] 2005.10.10 English [9] FAQ English--Thomas' 2003.07.08 Importance of Being Earnest (Wilde) 2005.03.19 Jordan Marsh 2003.11.17 Muffin man (muffin men) 2005.06.22 Muffin mix (corn, first) 2006.02.04 Muffin pans--see: bakeware Old German 2003.07.19 Seminary muffins 2011.02.22 Mulberries 2007.11.11 Mulligatawny soup--see: soups Mushrooms [8] 2004.09.07 ADDED TO FAQ B in B (aka B&B)--uspto=general mills, live, not on web site as current brand Morel 2009.02.21 Portobello & cremini [3] 2004.01.10 Stuffed mushrooms [5] 2005.05.05 Truffles [6] 2005.12.06 Musk melons--see: curcurbits Muslim foods & taboos--see: religion & food Mussels 2013.03.08 FAQ Mustard [5] 2005.01.19 FAQ 1870s USA availability (prepared mustard) 2012.01.03 Mustard greens--see: greens Musubi--see: rice Mutton--see: lamb Mutton & mint sauce 2003.08.04 FAQ Muttonbird (New Zealand) 2008.08.03 Mystery chef 2013.01 FAQ Nacho cheese see: cheese-nacho Nachos [5] 2003.07.30 FAQ Nai Lo--see: puddings (mai lo) Name blanco--see: yams Nanaimo bars--see: cookies--no bakes Nanny's tea--see: tea Nantua sauce--see: sauces Napa cabbage--see: cabbage Napoleon (brand oil & pasta, A. Magnano & Sons) 2014.02.22 Napoleons [12] FAQ Nard/spikenard 2003.01.06 Nashville TN cuisine--see: Countries U.S. Nasi goreng [2] 2003.11.01 Nasi lemak [2] 2000.05.08 Nasturtiums (flowers) 2005.07.14 Natchitoches meat pies--see: pie National bread (UK)--see: breads National Cupcake Day--see: National food days National dishes (Europe/list) 2004.06.13 National food days (sources) 2000.06.15 National Culinary Arts Month (July) 2014.06.27 National Cupcake Day 2013.04.13 National Grilled Cheese Month (& Day) 2014.02.28 National Sandwich Day--see: sandwiches-National Sandwich Month National Sandwich Month--see: sandwiches--National Sandwich Month National loaf (UK)--see: breads Native American eating utensils see: utensils Native American food (general history & timeline sources) [2] 2005.01.07 Native Americans Algonquin (Algonkin, Ottowa) [2] 2006.06.23 Apache 2009.01.13 Arawak/Taino subsistence 2003.10.18 Arikara 2004.11.15 Catawba 2011.04.27 Cherokee [2] 2009.02.09 Chippewa --see: Ojibwe Chumash FAQ Fire--see: fire making Iroquois Indians/Mohawk Indians [7] 2003.11.13 FAQ Cooking & eating utensils--see: utensils Kiowa 2012.12.05 Lenape (aka Delaware) [2] 2005.05.12 FAQ Lakota 2005.05.08 Miami (Michigan & Indiana) 2012.08.15 Navajo [3] 2003.11.02 Navajo fry bread FAQ (sopaipillas) Northwest tribes 2006.09.07 Ojibwe (Ojibwa, Chippewa) [3] 2010.07.30 FAQ Osage 2005.01.05 Seafood cookery 2006.02.14 Shawnee 2012.09.15 Natural food 2006.06.19 Navajo foods--see: Native Americans Navarin 2005.04.28 Navettes (from JB Reboul) scanned & sent 2015.01.25 Navy bean soup--see: soup Navy food 2002.01.27 Neapolitan ice cream-see: ice cream Needham's--see: candy-potato Nefla soup--see: soups-knoefla Nepaul pepper--see: pepper Neptune salad--see: salads Nesselrode [3] 2004.02.25 ice cream manufacturers 2000.10.10 Nestea Cool--see: tea-iced tea Neufchatel--see: cheese New England Boiled Dinner [2] 2004.11.12 New England clam chowder --see: soups New Iberia--see: countries, USA, Louisiana New Manhattan salad-see: salads: Waldorf Crown Salad New potatoes--see: potatoes New World foods/Columbian exchange [5] FAQ (2a) New Year's Day--see: holidays New York Chefs Association (Chefs association of New York)--see: chefs New York Times: food sections & columns 2006.08.30 New Zealand spinach 2002.03.24 Newlyweds--see: cookies Newman, Clare Goldman (cook book author) 2013.11.14 Nicoise (& Salad Nicoise) [2] 2005.10.10 Nigella Sativa--see: cumin, black cumin Niger--see: countries Nigeria--see: countries Night cap salad--see: salads-candlestick Night shade fruit 2004.01.08 Nikujaga 2006.04.19 Nixtamal--see: corn No-bake cookies 2003.10.14 No-Cal--see: soda pop, diet soda Noisette (butter) 2007.02.06 Nomad foods 2002.09.07 Non-dairy whipped topping 2003.11.20 Nonya--see: countries, Malaysia Noodles--see: pasta Noodles Italiano--see: pasta Nooning, Noons, Nuncheon 1002.10.15 Nopales (nopals)--see: cactus-prickly pear Nori--see: algae Normandy sauce--see: sauces Nougat--see: candy Nouric--see: baby food Nouvelle cuisine 2003.03.26 Novelty foods--see:ice cream NPS (instant proteifood supplment)--see: Shaklee Nutbread-see: cake Nutella--see:chocolate Nutmeg [2] 2007.02.20 FAQ whole vs. ground (equivalencies) 2007.02.26 Nutramigen--see: baby food Nutri-grain bars 2004.02.28 Nutrition-general 2002.04.01 Nutrition history [2] 2002.04.11 Eating habits, working women, 1940s--1960s 2013.03.27 Forensic nutrition (early 19th American diet) 2012.10.07 Renaissance dietary theories & practice (Galen/humors) [2] 2005.01.18 Research sources (academic) 2004.01.14 Nuts acorns [2] 2007.10.21 almonds [3] FAQ China 2009.190.27 sugared--see: candy (pralines) U.S. production regulations 2002.08.28 canned, USA 2011.09.13 cashews [4] 2004.10.30 chestnuts [2] 2004.11.23 hazelnuts & filberts 2011.12.12 hickory 2003.10.16 holiday giving--see: Holidays nut oils--see:oils peanut butter [5] FAQ Beverly brand (Safeway) 2011.12.27 Decadent peanut butter pie--see: pies Fudge--see: candy Jumbo Peanut Butter (Frank Tea & Spice Company) 200.9.3.02 # Peanuts to make 2002.08.31 Peanut butter & chocolate (combined in recipes) 2012.02.27 peanut butter cake--see: cakes peanut butter cookies--see: cookies Peanut butter roll 2003.09.25 Plastic jars introduction 2011.08.15 peanuts baseball games 2011.01.05 FAQ (baseball concessions) Franklin Peanuts (VA) 2008.08.03 George Washington Carver 2003.11.03 Indiana, 19th century 2011.01.05 Louis XVI France 2004.12.27 Monkey nuts (why called?) 2005.10.31 1950s-60s 2004.03.23 1977, prices 2009.12.04 pecans--see: pecan pie FAQ European introduction 2011.10.20 Smith Club sale, NYT article 2003.08.21 pistachios 2002.12.03 18th century 2003.06.02 walnuts [4] 2002.12.23 O'Brien--see: potatoes Oatcakes--see: cakes see also: Sowens, bread-bannock Oatmeal H.O. brand 2011.04.08 Oatmeal cookies--see:cookies FAQ Oca (Peruvian tuber) 2013.09.14 Octli--see: pulque Offal 2011.04.17 Oils [2] 2002.09.16 Canola oil [4] 2012.01.05 (pages in file) Chef oil 2008.04.17 Colonial American era [4] 2004.02.18 Corn 2003.11.04 hydrogenated 2003.07.31 hydrogentated soybean 2000.12.19 India [2] 2008.04.05 Jewish cooking oils 2011.12.18 Nut oils 2003.12.02 Olive [8] 2003.10.12 olive oil in USA (first importers) [3] 2006.08.30 peanut oil [2] 2007.04.17 soybean 2009.10.29 vegetable [2] 2002.02.12 Vegetables shortening 2005.02.27 Ojibwa see: Native Americans Okonomiyaki (Japanese Pizza aka Japanese Crepe) 2010.02.21 Okra FAQ Old Bay seasoning [2] 2005.05.19 Old German muffins--see: muffins Old Tyme Jamaican Ginger Beer 2008.01.07 Olive loaf--see: sausages Olivenaise (spread) [5] 2004.10.06 Olives see also: oils, olive 2003.03.21 Spain 2004.07.07 Stuffed with pimiento 2006.04.05 Olympic foods (Ancient Greece)--see link from food1.html: 2004 (National Georaphic) Omelettes--see: eggs "On the Hoof" --see: food prices, beef Onglet (French beef cut) 2002.03.02 Onijiri (Japanese rice cake/nori street food) 2012.04.27 Onions [2] 2002.02.12 Blooming onion (aka Onion Mumm, Awesome Blossom) 2004.10.06 Glowski notes 2010.07.01 Coffee & raw onions (connection) 2005.02.24 Creamed [2] 2003.11.22 FAQ Onion rings (aka french fried onions, fried onions) [4] 2006.02.27 FAQ Research sources 2004.12.28 whole fried 2001.12.04 Opera cake--see: cake Opera cream--see: cream, Opera Opera creams--see: candy Opo squash--see: squash Orange flower water--see: rosewater Orange foole 2000.10.15 Orange juice [5] 2004.06.26 FAQ Golden Tap brand 2008.07.10 Kraft product 2007.04.26 Minute Maid (frozen concentrate) 2012.07.06 FAQ Packaging (Tropicana, bottles & cartons) 2007.10.22 Orange Julius 2004.12.01 Orange peel, candied--see: candy Orangeado--see: candy, orange peel Oranges [6] (includes oranges as gifts for Christmas) [2] 2005.10.09 FAQ Availability/seasonal 1917 USA 2011.09.09 Blood oranges 2011.01.05 FAQ Mandarin 2006.11.01 FAQ Mandarin orange salad--see: salads Oranges-prices 1850s 2002.06.24 Poncires (Poncirus) 2012.03.26 Orangina (beverage) 2005.05.07 Oregano 2005.11.16 Oregon Trail foods 2003.08.31 FAQ Organic foods [2] 2004.05.02 lesson plans 2004.02.08 Orgeat (beverage) 2007.01.07 Oriental noodle salad--see: salads Orizo pasta (orzo?) [2] 2002.10.04 Osage Indians--see: Native Americans Oscar--see: veal oscar Osgood pies--see: pies Osso Bucco [4] 2004.09.18 Ovaltine 2006.07.08 Ovens 2005.05.18 Colonial American ovens 2010.1.9 (added to Colonial FAQ) Hebrew [2] 2006.10.29 (added to bread FAQ) Pit ovens [earth ovens] 2009.05.06 Owl Club dinners 2013.02.06 Oxtails (braised & soup) [3] 2003.12.03 Oyster beef--see: beef Oyster crackers--see: crackers Oyster cultivation/Napoleon 2004.06.09 Oyster stuffing--see: oysters Oysters 2008.10.21 (+ FAQ/USA) America 2005.03.17 Angels on Horseback (see also: Pigs in Blankets) [3] 2006.09.10 FAQ Britain [2] 2008.10.21 fried oysters & chicken salad (Philadelphia/South New Jersey) [2] 2008.07.28 Oyster & pork dinners--see: pork oyster ice cream--see: ice cream Oyster stew (Irish/Christmas Eve) [3] 2009.12.20 FAQ Oysters Kirkpatrick [2] 2007.03.07 FAQ Oysters Rockefeller 2005.05.24 FAQ Pepys (17th century England)--see: famous people: Pepys scalloped [4] 2004.11.19 stuffing 2005.03.17 FAQ Ozark pudding--see: pudding Ozterzopf (German Easter Bread)--see: breads Pabena (Mead Johnson, oatmeal baby food) 2010.08.18 Pablum (baby food invented in Toronto) [2] 2005.03.10 FAQ (baby food) Pabst-ett (cheese)--see: cheese Paczki-see: doughnuts Pain au chocolate--see: bread Pain au lait--see: bread Pain au levain--see: bread Pain de campagne--see: bread Pain de genes--see: cakes Paj Bhaji (aka pao baji, bajji) 2006.04.04 [Bombay Mumbai street snack] Palak--see: spinach Palate cleansers 2004.12.07 Palestine (Jerusalem artichoke) soup--see: soup Palmiers see: Elephant ears Pan de sal (salt bread)--see: bread Pan di Spagna (sponge cake) FAQ Pan Pack (aka Pan Pak--snack from Pan Pacific Exposition 1915, San Francisco, referenced by Laura Ingalls Wilder] [2] 2007.10.29 & 2008.07.28 Pan Pizza--see: pizza Panada (panata) 2007.02.28 Pancakes & crepes (see also: idli & dosa) [71] FAQ Appam (India) 2006.10.08 Blintz & blini [2] 2005.05.24 Chinese 2006.12.01 Crepes Suzette 2003.09.19 Dutch babies [2] 2009.05.26 Flapjacks [2] 2004.04.19 FAQ German (apple) 2003.12.17 German (potato): see: potatoes Hotcakes 2009.07.18 (added to Ploye (Canadian/Acadian) 2007.12.29 Poffertjes (Dutch) [2] 2004.02.04 & syrup 2003.06.28 Pancake syrup (imitation maple)--see: syrups Silver dollar pancakes [2] 2004.05.04 stack & short stack-definition 2002.12.31 Swedish [3] 2003.11.09 Pancetta--see: sausages Pane de frati--ss: bread Panettone--see: bread Panforte--see: bread Panhaus--see: scrapple Panini sandwich--see: sandwiches Panko (Japanese bread crumbs)--see: bread Pannacotta--see:pudding Panzanella--see: salads Pap (infant food) 2009.09.01 Papalo (Mexican herb) 2006.11.14 Papaya (Meat tenderizer)--see: meats-tenderizers Paper bag cookery--see: papillote Paper cups--see: food packaging Papillote (en papillote) 2006.10.23 Paprika (Hungarian) [4] 2005.01.17 see also: goulash Paradise fruit cake--see: cakes, fruit cake Parata/paratha--see: sandwiches Parboiling 2003.10.15 Parfait--see: ice cream Parisienne sauce--see: sauces Parker House rolls--see:breads Parkin--see: gingerbread Parmesean (chicken, veal)--see: chicken Parmigiana (chicken, veal)--see: chicken Parsley (curly & flat) [4] 2005.02.05 FAQ Parsnip 2006.11.06 Parson's salad--see: salad Parthian bread--see: breads Party favors 2007.06.22 Paskhas--see: cake Pashmak--see: candy Passion fruit 2004.08.07 Pasta (general) FAQ Egg noodles [2] 2011.03.23 Fideo [2] 2006.10.01 Fresh pasta 2006.12.31 Garlic Pastasciutta 2005.11.16 Laksa [3] 2004.08.13 Lasagne FAQ Inside out 2005.02.25 Mexican lasagne (aka Mexican casserole) [2] 2007.05.30 Pastichio (Greek style) 2004.03.23 Skillet lasagne 2005.01.06 Macaroni 2003.11.03 breakfast (USA) 2014.05.27 (cite: Ella Eaton Kellogg, Science in the Kitchen, 1893: macaroni & tomatoes Difference between macaroni & pasta (definintions) 2003.08.24 1820s--shapes & color 2003.10.13 elbow macaroni 2014.01.02 FAQ Kraft 2004.01.27 macaroni & cheese FAQ Macaroni salad--see: salads-pasta salad Makarounes Tis Kissou (Greek) 2008.01.01 Manicotti [4] 2005.10.06 Recipe from Ronzoni box [Ada Boni] 1970s 2011.09.09 Multicultural examples (pasta from different cuisines/countries) 2008.07.19 Noodles chilled 2005.10.19 crossing the bridge (China) [2] 2004.11.04 Kartoffelschnitz and spatzel (German) 2007.09.08 Lo mein (use noodle notes from crossing the bridge) Noodle bars [2] 2003.09.08 FAQ Noodles Italiano (Betty Crocker box mix) 2009.10.09 Noodles Napoli 2008.11.02 Oriental noodle salad (aka Chinese noodle salad, Asian noodle salad) see: salads Schnupf noodles 2006.02.20 Singapore [2] 2004.10.23 Soba noodles (Japan) [2] 2004.04.23 FAQ Pasta salad--see: salads--pasta salad Penne alla Arrabiata 2005.11.16 Penne alla vodka--see: sauces-vodka Ramen noodles 2010.01.14 Ravioli [12] FAQ Ravioli +chemistry & manufact. process 2000.11.13 Toasted ravioli (St. Louis) 2004.10.20 Spaghetti FAQ Bolognaise & carbonara [7] 2003.11.01 canned 2002.09.04 FAQ canned (Spaghettios) 2007.08.30 commericalization 2002.10.14 Spaghettios 2006.10.04 Tortellini--see also: ravioli 2003.10.25 Vermicelli 2003.02.07 Whole wheat 2005.05.05 Ziti 2005.04.22 Pasta dura--see: bread Pastel de Maiz 2006.11.02 Pastel de Manzana--see: pies, apple pie Pastelitos (Venezuela) 2003.07.25 Pastichio--see: lasagne Pasties 2003.11.16 Pastillage 2009.05.05 Pastourma & pastrami [2] 2006.03.13 FAQ Pastry (general) [20] FAQ American 2003.09.23 Bostock (brioche, almond topping) 2010.04.04 European 2003.09.25 French choux & puff pastry [14] FAQ French Pastry (commercial snack cake)--see: cupcake FAQ (Hostess) Puff paste--incorporation/lock in methods 2005.01.08 reverse puff paste (inversee) 2008.02.10 Sfogliatella (aka lobster tails, Santa Rosa) 2005.01.24 Sweden 2004.10.17 Pastry bags [5] 2005.02.08 Pastry boxes, pink [6] 2004.09.17 tied with red & white string [2] 2010.11.17 Pastry brushes 2008.04.21 Pastry chef career information 2005.04.11 origins (Patissier) [4] 2004.04.18 Pastry cutters 2004.07.08 Pastry v. doughnuts (defninitions & differeneces) 2009.05.14 Patagonian toothfish--see: Chilean sea bass Pate Brisee (see: FAQ short crust pastry/puff paste] Pate Chinois--see: shepherd's pie Pate, terrines... [14] 2004.02.24 Patents--see: recipes--copyright/patents/trademarks Patty cakes--see: patty pans Patty melts--see: sandwiches Patty pans [5] 2005.02.03 Paupiettes [4] 2004.03.18 Pavlova--see: cakes Pawpaws 2013.06.24 FAQ PDQ (chocolate flavoring beads) 2012.01.14 FAQ Pea sprouts--see: sprouts Peaches [3] 2005.04.25 early 19th century, Philadelphia, recipes & popularity 2013.06.04 canned, brands, US Civil War era 2012.08.23 cobbler--see: pies-cobbler Charlotte 2003.03.21 Peach Melba [3] 2003.12.23 Peach pickles 204.04.27 Pie--see: pies Peace--foods that symbolize 2001.09.14 Peacecods--see: pie-peascods Peacock 2004.09.05 Peameal bacon--see: bacon Peanut brittle--see: candy-brittle Peanut butter--see: nuts-peanut butter Peanut oil--see: oils Peanuts--see: nuts Pearlash (aka pearl-ash), leavener 2-15.01.14 Pearmania (19th century New England) 2005.03.18 Pears [6] 2004.10.31 FAQ Belle Helene [6] 2003.06.17 Bosc 2003.09.22 Howell variety 2001.07.12 Medieval 2004.03.08 Pears in wine [3] 2004.06.04 FAQ Peas FAQ 1930s, canned, Irish [Cripple of Inishmaan] 2011.11.08 not found Black (Bonfire Night recipe) 2003.11.07 Mushy--see: pease porridge pea soup (& split pea soup) see: soups Pigeon peas (aka black eyed peas, cowpeas) [2] 2006.01.19 FAQ salad (Jefferson/colonial era--see: famous people-Jefferson Peasant food, 16th century Europe 2002.12.09 Peasant tarts--see: pies Peasecods--see: pies Pease porridge [8] FAQ Peat moss--see: lichen Pecans--see: nuts Peccary (New World pig-like animal) 2009.01.09 (added info to maya.html) Peco Coconut Peanut Brittle---see: candy, peanut brittle Peking duck--see: duck Pemmican 2012.06.29 FAQ [Lewis & Clark] [2] 2002.04.01 Pendennis Club, Lousiville KY--see: Countries, USA, Kentucky Penne alla vodka--see: sauces-vodka Pennies from Heaven--see: carrots Pennsylvania pudding--see: pudding Penny, Prudence (pseudonym cookook author--several authors) [3] 2004.01.05 Penny brown (ships biscuit, 19th century New England/Maine, not found) 2012.10.21 Penny loaf--see: bread Penuche--see: candy Pepino (pear melon, melon pear, melon shrub) 2012.02.23 Peposo--see: stew Pepper (black, white, green & pink ) [7] 2003.12.14 Nepaul (India) 2010.11.17 Pepe (Cameroon) 2009.01.24 Pepper mills [2] 2003.12.14 Pepper pot [2] 2006.11.1 Pepper steak--see: steak Peppercorns--see: pepper Peppermint--see: mint Pepperidge Farm Goldfish--see: crackers Pepperidge Farm soup--see: soups Pepperoni--see: sausage Pepperpot soup--see: soup Peppers [Capsicum] (+UK intro) [2] 2004.01.09 FAQ Aztec preservation methods 2009.07.12 Bell, (green, red, orange, yellow, purple) [9] 2004.09.26 FAQ Bell, stuffed 2003.10.07 Big Jim 2006.09.11 Cayenne 2006.05.01 cheese stuffed (recipe) 2002.10.19 Chile rellenos (stuffed peppers...pork or beef) [2] 2005.11.09 FAQ Chipotle [3] 2004.02.22 Colonial America 2005.08.03 (added to FAQ) Iowa, 1840--what kind would be around? hot or sweet 2014.09.16 Pickled--see: pickles Red, roasted 2003.12.02 Sandia 2006.09.11 Pepsi cola 2007.10.21 Perfection salad--see: salads Perine--see: Quin-pin Periwinkles--see: sea snails Pernod (& Pernod sauce)--see: sauces Perrier--see: water Persian fairy floss (Pashmak)--see: candy Persians (doughnuts from Thunder Bay, Ontario)--see: doughnuts Persimmons [4] 2003.06.29 FAQ Personal chef--see: chefs Pesto--see: sauce Petits fours (& mignardise) [7] 2004.03.04 PetRitz--see: pies, pie crust-frozen pH of foods [2] 2003.09.05 Pheasant 2008.03.22 Colonial America 2011.09.15 Roman Britian 2004.05.22 Philpy (philpee) see: bread Phoenceian food--see: countries Phyllo---see filo dough Pibil [cooking pit] see: pork-cochinita pibil Piccata (veal or chicken) [3] 2005.09.21 Picante sauce (piquant)--see: sauce Picadillo 2005.12.10 Piccalilli [6] 2004.05.17 Pickled eggs--see: eggs Pickled limes--see: limes Pickles [8] FAQ bread and butter pickles [2] 2007.12.20 FAQ chow chow 2014.01.09 cinnamon 2007.08.15 cucumbers in Ancient Egypt FAQ dill pickles 2012.05.29 FAQ Kool aid pickles 2007.06.17 FAQ Military pickle 2009.02.16 Peach--see: peaches Pickle Roll ups 2008.08.20 Pickled limes FAQ Pickled peppers FAQ When does a salty cucumber become a pickle? 2013.04.29 Why served with sandwiches? [2] 2006.07.24 Picnic ham--see: ham Picnics FAQ automobile (early 20th century) 2003.10.15 German-American (late 19th/early 20th century) 2009.05.23 Jane Austen's England (late 18th/early 19th centuries) 2009.06.05 Swiss picnic 2009.05.24 Pico de gallo--see: salsa Pictures of food [5] FAQ Pie [16] see also: tarts, turnovers, pasties, pizza FAQ Difference between pies, tarts & quiche 2010.03.19 Pie shapes (round v oblong) 2004.10.08 Angel pie 2006.07.22 Amish funeral pie (raisin pie)--see: funeral foods Apple [19] FAQ 8th century (Byzantium & Medieval) 2003.08.21 & cherry--famous people/recipes 2002.05.22 apple crisp & apple brown betty [8] 2004.07.18 apple pie & hot dogs (symbolic American foods)--see: hot dogs "As American as apple pie" 2012.10.22 (FAQ) Mock [2] FAQ pastel de Mancana 2012.04.11 with cheddar cheese [3] FAQ why shrink when baked? 2009.12.14 Australian meat pies 2004.02.08 bakers-famous 2002.01.29 Bakewell tart (aka Bakewell pudding) 2005.07.08 FAQ Banana cream [8] 2003.07.17 Banoffee pie (banana toffee) 2005.04.18 Bastila (bisteeya, b'stila, pastela) Morocco 2011.03.13 FAQ Belesh (Tartarstan meat pie) 2008.01.15 Black bottom 2011.02.04 FAQ Black walnut 2004.01.10 Borek [2] 2004.11.06 Butter tarts 2003.10.12 Buttermilk pie (includes notes on buttermilk) [5] 2005.08.12 Boston cream pie [4] FAQ Cape Breton pork [5] FAQ Carmel Pecan Pie (recipe) 2008.11.07 Cherry [2] 2005.09.26 Cheshire pork pie 2007.04.02 Chess pie (aka sugar pie--with white sugar) [11] FAQ Chocolate Chess Pie 2014.04.18 Chiffon pie [2] 2006.12.10 FAQ Chipmunk pie (aka Swedish pie) 2011.12.28 Chocolate pie 2012.11.18 Cobbler [9] FAQ Heartburn cobbler (not found) 2013.09.03 Coconut cream [3] 2004.09.15 Coconut cream w/bisquick crust 2004.01.19 Cornish pasty FAQ Cottage pie (aka Shepherd's pie) FAQ Cracker 2004.06.22 Cream 2003.08.07 Crumble [4] 2003.11.18 Custard 2002.12.11 Decadent peanut butter pie 2006.11.08 Derby--see: Kentucky Derby Dock pie 2006.11.02 Dowdy [2] 2005.09.22 Dutch apple [2] 2003.02.18 Egg pie 2002.12.11 Fanchonettes 2014.02.12 FAQ Flapper 2004.03.13 Four and Twenty Blackbirds (baked in a pie) 2005.05.16 French silk [4] 2004.04.26 Fried pies [4 2004.07.18 Frito pie 2006.04.28 Frozen pie crust [3] 2006.09.14 FAQ Fruit cocktail 2007.06.13 Gala pie 2007.07.08 German's chocolate pie (aka Southern chocolate pie) 2005.12.30 Grape 2003.09.17 Grape hull (recipe) 2005.08.26 Grasshopper FAQ Green tomato see: tomatoes (fried green) Gypsy tart 2004.03.14 Hawaiian pie 2013.02.20 Historic pictures of women making pie 2003.03.28 Homity [2] 2004.06.13 Ice box pie--see: refrigerator pie Impossible (crust & filling mixed together, crust forms on bottom; filling rises to top) [5] 2005.06.27 Innkeeper's pie (colonial innkeepers pie) 2004.05.19 Kentucky Derby [3] 2001.04.16 Key lime [33] FAQ Kiss torte--see: Angel pie Kit Kat pies 2006.08.23 (paper only) Kool Aid pie 2004.10.21 Leftover pie 2008.05.14 Lemon meringue [12] FAQ meringue research (USA, articles) 2014.08.19 (paper files) Lemon Whirl Pie--see: milk-Topic Lemon pot pie 2003.11.25 Marjoram (New Netherlands) 2004.05.01 Martha Washington pie (like Boston Cream Pie) 2007.10.25 Meat pies (Australia) [2] 2004.07.15 Mincemeat/mince [3] FAQ Mint Dazzler (refrigerator pie) 2010.10.11 Mud [8] FAQ Natchitoches meat pies (Louisiana) 2010.06.03 (Pie FAQ) Nesselrode--see: nesselrode Osgood (Oh so good) 2005.08.01 Peach Marshmallow Peach (aka Peach Mallow) 2011.08.13 Texas [3] 2004.03.16 Peasant tarts 2004.08.08 Peascods (aka peacecods) [Elizabethan fruit turnovers/pies] 2011.07.19 Pecan pie [7] FAQ Dear Abby Pecan Pie (Kentucky Pecan Pie) recipe 2013.07.13 Harper's Bazaar 1886 recipe 2013.07.13 FAQ Pie & Mash (with parsley liquor) UK 2007.08.30 Pie crust sticks 2012.08.09 FAQ Pie mix (Royal brand with flavor capsule, Key Lime & Lemon flavors) [2] 2012.05.27 Pie pots (transportation) 2011.03.31 (not found--keep paper notes for reference) Pierogi FAQ Piggy pie (UK. 18th C.) 2008.05.30 Pork FAQ Portable (calzones, empanadas, pasties etc.) [9] FAQ Pot pie [7] FAQ frozen pot pie [2] 2005.09.25---added to FAQ Slippery Pot Pie (PA Dutch/Maryland) 2012.03.06 (added to FAQ) Potato Peel Pie (from The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society) 2008.10.13 Pumpkin [10] FAQ black pumpklin pie [Maine] 2013.01.02 colonial with custard baked inside 2003.10.15 double crust (top crust) recipes 2009.05.14 pasties (Harry Potter) 2003.07.31 pilgrims 2000.11.20 Raised pie (definition) 2010.03.27 Raisin pie (Pennsylvania Dutch, Amish)--see: funeral foods Rappie (Acadia, Canada) 2012.05.01 FAQ Refrigerator pie 2007.11.02 FAQ Rhubarb crunch 2005.11.13 Samosa/Sanbusaq FAQ Sausage rolls 2012.09.10 FAQ Sawdust Pie 2009.10.14 (see also: Japanese fruit cake) serving pie--point facing diner 2009.11.01 Shaker lemon pie [2] 2003.09.28 Shepherd's pie [34] FAQ Alternative spellings 2004.03.30 Chinese pie (see also: American Chop Suey) [3] 2004.03.31 FAQ Shoofly [3] 2000.11.15 FAQ Shoofly pie day (May 14, per PA gov) 2010.01.24 Silk--see: French silk pie Stand pie (Yorkshire) [3] 2006.01.02 Stargazy (Star Gazy) 2012.02.20 State specialties (official & unoffical) 2008.01.05 Steak & kidney [2] 2004.10.04 Stewart pie (custard) 2011.02.11 Storage (refrigerator) 2009.04.17 Sugar pie (aka chess pie) FAQ Sugar cream pie (Indiana state foods) 2001.12.23 Swedish pie--see: chipmunk pie Sweet potato pie [4] FAQ sweet potato pecan pie 2007.10.15 Tamale FAQ (foodmexican, tamales) Tarts [6] FAQ Apple and orange (Tudor) 2004.10.08 Egg tarts (Hong Kong) 2005.11.13 French tarts [4] 2005.05.07 Pear 2004.10.24 Raspberry 2003.03.21 Taffy 2007.10.23 Tart tatin [2] 2002.01.22 Tomato & Cantal 2005.11.17 Virgin Islands (coconut, guava & pineapple) 2004.07.14 Tomato--see: pizza--tomato pie Toronto 2004.04.28 Touritere (French Candadian pork pie) 2012.10.17 FAQ Trap 2003.09.13 Vinegar (& vinegar pie crust) [4] 2004.02.22 Whoopie Pie 2011.02.4 FAQ Pie carts (New Zealand) 2005.10.22 Pie crusts-lattice [3] 2003.04.08 Pie O My brand mixes--see: Py-O-My Pie plant--see: rhubarb Pie vents (aka blackbirds) [2] 2006.08.17 Piemontaise--see: gnocchi piemontaise Pierogi 2003.02.10 FAQ Pigeon & squab 2008.10.09 FAQ Pigeon eggs--see: eggs Pigeon peas--see: peas Piggy cookies--see: cookies-conchinitos Piggy pie--see: pie Pignoli--see: pine nuts Pigs in blankets [8] 2004.02.27 Pilaf--see:rice Pilchards--see: fist-Cornish sardines Pilonchio (pillonchio) see: sugar Pilot--see: crackers Piment d'Esplette (Basque chilies) 2005.02.04 Pine bark stew--see: stew Pine nuts (aka pignoli, pinyon) 2008.04.06 Pineapples [6] 2003.09.21 FAQ (including symbolism) Customs (welcome/unwelcome) 2013.09.27 Culinary uses (global, historical survey..includes grilled pineapple) 2007.10.10 European introduction [2] 2005.11.01 how to cut? 2001.11.17 Michigan introduction, fresh 2009.12.09 Upside-down cake--see cake Ping (fruit juice, Stokely) 2012.01.06 Pink lemonade cake--ss: cakes Pinwheel sandwiches--see: sandwiches Pioneer foods--see: Countries, United States, Oregon Trail/pioneer foods Piping bags--see: pastry bags Pirate foods [4] 2005.07.17 Pissaladiere--see: pizza Pistachio ice cream--see: ice cream-pistachio Pistachio salad--see salad (Watergate salad) Pistachios--see: nuts Pistou--see: sauce (Pesto) Pit Beef--see: beef Pit ovens--see: ovens Pita bread--see: bread Pithiviers--see: cake Pittsburgh-style (meat) 2003.09.12 Pizza [55] FAQ Canada 2003.10.15 Baja 2003.06.09 Chicago (deep dish) FAQ Finland 2003.10.07 Frozen 2007.10.30 (added to FAQ) Euphrates frozen pizza 2008.02.17 Japanese--see: okonomiyaki Kosher 2003.02.11 New York style [4] FAQ Pan pizza 2005.09.27 Pie Iron pizza 2004.03.31 Pissaladiere (France/Provence/Nice) [2] FAQ 2006.02.17 Pizza cutters 2007.06.19 Pizza delivery service (first) added to FAQ Pizza menus, 1960s, USA 2010.12.23 (LAPL menus) Rustica (Italian Easter Pie with ricotta) 2007.02.11 Slices 2005.01.27 Spread (Libby's) 2003.02.06 Take-out/boxes 2004.06.04 Tomato pie (South Jersey) 2012.03.15 Pizzelle--see: cookies Plank (a la plancha) cooking method 2007.05.10 Plantains [4] 2004.04.18 fried plantains 2003.04.29 Plasmon (UK dried milk, biscuits, tea, cocoa--health food supplement) 2013.02.27 FAQ Plated service--see: service Plaza Hotel, Pierre Lafage (chef) 2002.10.08 Play--good food for historic skit (haggis, etc.) 2003.03.31 Plaza Hotel (NYC)--see: restaurants Plee-Zing food company & brands 2008.08.11 Plovers--see: birds (shore) Ploye--see: pancakes Plum [6] 2004.04.05 Plum cake--see: cake Plum duff--see: pudding Poached eggs--see: eggs (includes general notes on poaching) Pocket foods (portable pies) [4] FAQ see also: stuffed leaves, dolma Pocket/portable soup--see: soup Pocky (Japanese dessert) 2009.10.04 Poffertjes--see: pancakes Poivrade --see:sauce Poke salad--see: pokeweed Pokeweed [2] 2006.06.26 Polenta--see: corn, polenta Polish chop suey--see: chop suey Polish food--18th century 2002.08.13 Pollo Aguiascalientes--see: chicken "Polly wants a cracker," see: crackers-Parrot brand Polynesian food--see: countries-Polynesia Pomegranates [2] 2005.11.13 FAQ Pomme Berny (aka pomme de terre Berny)--see: potatoes Poncires (Poncirus)--see: oranges Pong (fruit juice) see: Ping Ponhaus--see: scrapple Pontiere--see: restaurants Pony Express rider foods--see: 1860s Ponzu (ponsu)--see: sauce Pop Rock--see: candy Pop tarts [4] 2003.09.01 FAQ (foodpies) Ingredients, 1970s? 2010.07.08 (paper only) Pope, Antoinette [2] 2003.09.05 Popcorn [7] 2004.01.12 balls--see: candy Breakfast cereal 2005.10.11 Caramel corn (karmel korn) --see: candy, popcorn balls Jiffy Pop 2004.12.10 prices in 1982 (antitrust) 2002.11.13 TV Time 2006.10.10 Popina (Ancient Rome)--see: restaurants Popovers (& Yorkshire pudding) [3] FAQ Poppy seeds (& ancient recipes) [2] 2004.04.10 Poppy seed cake--see: cakes Popsicles--see: ice cream Porchetta--see: pork Porcupine 2009.11.11 Porcupine meatballs/meatloaf (beef)--see: meatloaf Pore soles (poorsouls) Cajun Louisiana 2005.11.12 Pork Baby back ribs [2] 2004.11.11 Char su 2003.09.05 Cochinita Pibil [Yucatan] 2011.03.24 Cueritos 2005.11.29 Hog fry 2006.07.24 Porchetta 2007.02.08 Pork & applesauce [2] FAQ 2002.05.03 Pork & bean salad (recipes) 2002.08.30 Pork & beans [2] FAQ Pork & oyster dinner (SE Pennsylvania) 2006.10.18 Pork & sauerkraut/New Years tradition [3] 2004.01.02 FAQ Pork barrel weight [early America] 2010.08.11 Pork cake--see: cakes-sausage Pork chops 2011.05.25 Pork chops/price--see: food prices Pork pies/Cape Breton--see: pie Pork preservation methods 2005.01.25 Pork steaks 2012.08.30 Pork tenderloin sandwich--see: sandwiches Pulled pork [2] 2010.09.13 FAQ Rinds & skins (snack foods) 2004.02.25 Spare ribs, Jones Dairy Farm 2014.05.08 3/D, 3 down, 3rd down (weight) 2014.05.08 Taboos--see: religion & food Taylor pork roll (& Taylor ham) NJ product 2010.02.16 Trotters 2007.02.26 Word origin (English) 2007.09/30 Portobello mushrooms 2003.08.18 Portugal--see: countries Portugal--16th century cakes 2003.05.15 Portulaca--see: purslane Posole/Pozole [8] 2004.05.15 Postum (instant) 2005.03.26 Pot luck [4] 2004.02.08 Pot pie--see: pie Pot roast--see: beef Potash (aka pot-ash) see; pearlash Potassium (foods rich in) 2005.11.09 Potatoes American introduction (via Europe) [4] 2004.01.08 Anna [3] 2003.11.11 baked, stuffed 2002.07.25 baked, with sour cream 2007.03.25 Biarritz 2008.09.02 Boulangere 2006.05.26 bread--see: bread, potato candy --see: candy Chantilly potatoes 2007.05.03 Cheesy 2004.10.04 chips [10] 2004.10.18 Barbecue flavored 2006.08.27 Bags (packaging) 2005.09.23 Crisps (extruded potato chips) 2003.09.28 First brand? 2004.04.14 Mad Hatter brand 2003.09.22 Old Dutch brand [3] 2004.03.24 potato chip cookies--see: cookies Pringles brand 2010.10.02 Vita Boy brand 2000.02.19 Civil war, north & south [white potatoes & Irish potatoes] 2008.04.28 Delmonico potatoes 2008.03.31 Duchess [2] 2005.04.22 Dumas, Alexandre potato recipes 2011.03.20 English introduction [4] 2004.01.04 European introduction 2003.10.02 Fondant 2005.04.19 French fries [7] 2003.04.13 FAQ chili cheese fries [2] 2007.01.20 crab fries (Philadelphia) 2011.12 frozen french fries [3] 2004.07.18 gravy fries (aka: wet fries, dirty fries) 2008.11.08 INCLUDES POUTINE NOTES Tasti Fries (frozen) 2011.10.03 fried 2003.07.19 gnocchi [6] 2004.02.04 added to dumpling FAQ gnocchi piemontaise 2009.09.21 gratin Dauphinois 2011.03.19 hairy willie (northern Scotland with cod) 2012.06.29 hashbrowns 2003.03.19 Hash brown caserole--see: casseroles hasselback (Sweden) 2003.02.18 Homefries 2005.01.14 India 2008.10.29 instant [3] 2007.03.30 Irish potato soup see: soups Llapingachos (Ecuador) [2] 2003.11.16 Long branch 2006.01.10 Lyonnaise [2] 2005.02.02 Madras 2006.03.28 Maine 2003.09.22 Mashed [12] 2004.11.25 Mashed & stuffed [3] 2004.03.25 O'Brien (O'Brian) 2006.12.11 New potatoes 2013.04.12 FAQ New York State (first introduction/Irish white) 2009.07.21 Pancakes German (potato) [7] 2003.11.09 Latkes (why for Chanukah?) [4] 2003.12.10 Lefse (Norwegian)--see: bread Pine Log Potato (not found) 2008.06.09 Pomme Berny 2005.05.15 Potato bars (in restaurants) [2] 2005.12.21 Potato mashers (aka beetles) 2010.11.08 Potato soup--see: soups Potato souffle--see: souffle potatoes Potato sticks (snack foods) 2010.07.02 Potato yeast 2012.09.15 FAQ Riced potatoes (aka rice potatoes) 2005.10.09 Russia, introduction 2003.11.04 salad German--see: salads New York Style--see: salads Scalloped [3] 2003.11.09 snowflake 2002.11.25 souffle potatoes (twice deep fried) [2] 11.21.2006 Spanish omelet--see: eggs, omelets Sticks 2004.06.02 stovies 2012.01.27 stuffed potatoes--see: twice baked potatoes Tater tots 2003.07.25 Twice baked potatoes 2012.12.14 Uses/ways to cook [2] 2004.06.03 Potica--see: cakes Potstickers--see: dumplings Pottage (see also pease porridge) 2003.04.24 Pottery earthenware or clay (Asia) [2] 2006.10.23 Poultry on modern menus 2002.01.17 Pound cake--see: cake Pounded sugar--see: sugar Poussin--see: chicken 2003.07.20 Poutine [Quebec] 2002.01.22 Powdered sugar--see:sugar Powell Candy Company--see: candy-Kewpie Pralines--see: candy Prawns--see: shrimp FAQ Pream--see: milk Pregestimil--see: baby food Preshistoric 2003.09.25 Preshistoric foods (happy meal) 2003.09.09 Preservation of food [12] 2004.08.10 see also: canned foods Vikings food preservation methods [2] 2004.11.04 colonial America (includes notes on refrigeration & bean storage) [9] 2004.01.27 FAQ 19th century USA fowl (turkey, duck, goose, pheasant, chicken etcl) 2010.07.29 fruit & vegetables, containers/seals before mason jars (1858) 2013.06.26 wagon trains 2012.05.21 FAQ 20th century USA (early) 2003.10.15 Cure (word origin as it applies to meat) 2005.11.09 salting & curing 2013.03.22 Preservatives in food [7] 2004.02.25 Preserves (fruit) [2] 2000.02.20 FAQ Presidential foods FAQ (all) food favorites FAQ influence on food 2009.03.22 Adams, John [3] 2005.03.26 Buchanan, James 2008.02.11 Coolidge, Calvin Chinese chef 2002.11.17 Soup incident 2007.10.31 Eisenhower, Dwight D. 2004.02.10 Garfield, James A. 2002.02.20 Grant, Ulysses S. 2008.11.03 Jackson, Andrew 2005.11.01 Jefferson, Thomas see also: 1770-1800: new foods introduced to America French fries 2003.08.26 ice cream [3] 2004.03.25 pea salad 2006.10.26 stuffed cabbage 2008.07.20 Kennedy, John F. Childhood food 2003.03.13 Chowder served to Canadian Prime Minister Pearson 2007.01.18 Christmas dinner 2003.05.24 Lincoln, Abraham [2] FAQ Lincoln, Mary Todd FAQ Madison, James & Dolley 2008.09.25 FAQ period menus--see: 2012.08.19 (note from Montpelier) Nixon, Richard--banquet with Chairman Mao, 1972 2006.08.02 Roosevelt, Eleanor--President FAQ (with FDR) Roosevelt, Franklin, visit to Denton, MD Sept. 5, 1938 2008.08.20 Roosevelt, Theodore [4] 2004.02.07 Roosevelt (TR & FDR) Christmas menus 2003.05.29 Truman, Bess--stuffing recipe 2003.11 Tyler, John [3] 2005.10.18 Washington, George [2] 2004.03.28 First State Dinner (5.29.1789) 2008.09.26 Pretlow, Mary D. (cookbook author) 2010.10.06 Pretzels [9] 2004.07.12 Chinese pretzels--see: cookies Chocolate covered--see: candy Ice cream with pretzels--see: ice cream Prickly pear--see: cactus Primanti sandwiches--see: sandwiches Prince of Wales cake--see: cakes Pringles--see: potatoes-potato chips Printaniere 2009.10.01 Primavera 2005.01.26 Private chefs--see: chefs Process/processed cheese--see: cheese Processed foods by date 2002.04.14 Proof of the pudding is in the eating--see: puddings Prosciutto [4] 2004.02.09 melon pairing 2004.02.09 Profiteroles--see: cream puffs (FAQ) Prosperity sandwich--see: sandwiches Providence cake--see: cakes Provolone (provola) -see: cheese Prune cake--see: cakes Prune paste--see: fig paste Prunes--see: plums Pu pu platters--see: appetizers Puck, Wolfgang (Food Network debut) 2007.04.23 Puddine--see: pudding Puddings--see also: flan, custard [7] FAQ Amazo [2] 2007.06.13 Apple and barley pudding 2009.12.03 Arroz con leche--see: rice pudding FAQ Bakewell Pudding (aka Bakewell tart)--see: pies-Bakewell Tart FAQ Banana [14] 2004.03.18 Batter--see: Yorkshire pudding Blackstone (from Blackstone Hotel, Chicago) (like nesselrode?) not found 2006.12.04 Blood or black pudding--see: sausage Bread pudding [12] FAQ New Orleans Bourbon Bread Pudding 2006.03.20 Cabinet pudding 2010.05.05 FAQ Caramel pudding 2001.01.05 Celtic/Irish language word for pudding 2009.12.19 Chatterbox pudding (not found) Corn (aka Indian pudding) [4] FAQ Cheese 2004.03.29 Cherry (Medieval cherry pottage) 2006.04.05 Chocolate, (Horn & Hardart) 2003.11.23 Cocada (Mexican coconut custard) 2008.11.05 College 2005.02.07 Cool-N-Creamy (Birdseye, frozen tub) 2011.07.07 Cottage [2] 2006.04.13 Cranberry 2008.11.29 Date 2005.08.31 Diplomat, includes Musso & Frank's recipe [4] 2004.01.24 FAQ Duff 2006.11.14 Duke of Cumberland's pudding--see: Eve's Pudding Eve's pudding 2004.06.30 Figgy 2006.04.02 Flummery [3] 2005.11.19 Frangipane [4] 2006.11.09 Hasty 11.25.06 (FAQ) Instant (Jell-O brand) 2003.07.28 John Bull (aka Johnny Bull) pudding 2010.01.20 Junket (aka rennet pudding) [3] 2003.06.25 Kaiser pudding [2] 2013.11.06 FAQ Kheer (Indian rice pudding) 2003.02.18 Kre-Mel (Corn Products Refining Company) see: Duryea Starch Works Liver (North Carolina vs South Carolina) 2004.10.04 see also: livermush, gritwurst, goetta Mail lo (aka Nai lo, sai mai lo) Chinese custard 2010.01.21 Marlboro 2002.04.12 Pudding & Pie Mixes 2002.02.25 Royal Brand with Magic Flavor Capsule (Key Lime & Lemon filling) [2] 2012.05.27 Noodle (& kugel) [3] 2003.07.03 Ozark (Bess Truman) 2003.07.08 Truman FAQ Pannacotta [8] 2003.11.14 Pennsylvania pudding (aka rice pudding) 2013.04.16 Plum (aka Christmas) [2] FAQ Stir-Up Sunday (traditional day for making) 2004.10.26 FAQ Plums in plum pudding? 2001.12.31 Proof of the pudding is in the eating (origin & use) 2007.08.25 Puddine (instant pudding mix, rose vanilla flavor) 2011.03.08 Pudding bags 2005.01.26 Pudding cake--see: cakes Queen of puddings (Queen's pudding) [2] 2005.01.05 Rennet custard (aka Junket) 2003.06.25 Rice [34] FAQ (see also: Pennsylvania pudding) Wild rice (Native American) 2005.11.02 Spotted dick 2003.10.26 FAQ Sticky toffee pudding [2] 2005.08.30 Summer [4] FAQ Tapioca [9] FAQ Whip'n Chill (Kraft, 1960s, mousse-like dessert) [2] 2004.08.02 White pudding (aka hog's pudding) see:sausages Woodford pudding--see: cakes-jam cake Yorkshire (& popovers) [3] FAQ With powdered eggs (WWII) 2005.01.10 Pueblo (Native American) food [2] 2003.10.03 Puff paste see: pastry (French) Puits d'Armour (dessert) 2011.11.05 Pulgiese (bread) see: bread Pulled pork--see: pork Pulque (aka octli , uctli) [3] 2005.10.25 FAQ Pulse crops--see: beans Pump Room [Chicago restaurant] recipes see: salad dressing, Caesar Pumpernickel--see: bread Pumpkin Canned pumpkin 2012.01.22 Pumpkin bread--see: cake Pumpkin cookies--see: cookies Pumpkin painting (gourd painting, calabash painting) Cuzco Peru 2012.01.11 (paper article in file) Pumpkin pasties/pie--see: pie Pumpkin soup:--see: soup Punch (rum, fishhouse)--see: alcoholic beverages Pupeton (Poulpeton, pulpeton) 2007.07.12 Puppies--see: dogs Puppy chow (children's snack food by Kellogg's) [8] 2005.03.03 Pupusas (El Salvador) 2006.01.17 Puris (aka poori, puri)--see: bread Purssell--see: restaurants Purslane (aka portulaca) 2004.06.30 FAQ Py-O-My baking mixes (aka Pie-O-My) 2006.3.26 Qata'if --see: Kadayif Quaker Crackles (cereal) 2003.03.04 Quail [2] 2003.12.10 Quantity cookery (general resources for formulas & amounts) 2008.09.08 Quark--see: cheese Queen cake--see: cakes Queen Emma cake--see: cake Queen of puddings (aka Queen pudding)--see: puddings Queen of Sheba cake--see: cakes Quesadillas [9] FAQ Quiche & quiche Lorraine [7] FAQ Quidi Vidi steak sauce--see:sauces Quimbolitos 2005.03.30 Quin-Pin (also, Perine: ingredient in 1911 chili recipe. not found) 2011.09.07 Quinces [3] 2002.01.07 Quinoa [6] 2003.09.30 FAQ QUXYZ foods (starting with these letters) [10] FAQ Rabbits (including rabbit stew) [2] 2004.06.04 Rabe (raab, rab, brocoletto, Italian turnip, rapini, brocolietti--see: broccoli rabe Race (ginger measurement)--see: measurements,ginger Radicchio 2004.12.20 Radio Mexico--see: restaurants Ragout--see: stew Ragu--see: tomato gravy FAQ Rainbo brand bread--see: bread-sliced bread Raised pie--see: pies Raisins 2002.02.28 bloom raisins (mistakenly blood raisins on Internet) 2012.01.27 how made from grapes (current) 2008.04.29 UK, early 20th century (& currants, sultanas) 2007.08.27 Railroad dining [4] 2007.07.29 Railroad menus-Britain 1925 2004.01.08 Railroad sandwiches (O. Henry, Witche's Loaves reference) 2008.07.10 Rajas 2005.12.10 Ramekin 2006.01.23 Ramen noodles--see: pasta Ramp (wild leeks) 2005.01.25 Ranch dressing 2000.12.08 Ranch style chicken--see: chicken 2000.11.29 Rancho brand soup-see: soup Rappie pie--see: pies Rase (ginger measurement)--see: measurments, ginger Raspberrry tarts--see: pies Ratafia (beverage & cream) [3] 2013.06.06 Ratatouille (why named) 2005.09.17 Ratpack parties [2] 2005.08.10 Ravioli--see: pasta Raw Apple Cake--see: cakes Raw foodists history [2] 2002.05.30 RDAs 2000.03.13 Ready-meals (meals to go, UK) 2004.05.25 Real people or brand names? 2001.05.27 Recipes adapted vs redacted 2013.04.24 back of the box 2013.01.30 copyright/intellectual property/borrowing traditions (historic examples) 2006.11.21 copyright/patent/trademark USA, commercial foods, [Nabisco] current 2010.12.18 first recorded see also: cookbooks, ancient FAQ (Mesopotamia) interpretation/adaptation 2000.11.15 Internet recipes web sites (+CD-Roms) 2012.10.04 FAQ internet.html Epicurious (Conde Nast: Gourmet & Bon Appetit) 2013.05.27 F AQ internet.html number of unique recipes increasing or decreasing 2013.11.13 recipe swaps 2012.07.02 Receipt (usage) vs recipe [3] 2005.07.11 FAQ redacted vs adapated 2013.04.24 rhyming 2012.06.12 [sandychatter.wordpress.com/2010/06] Sources for study 2006.08.02 standardized measures--see: measurements Structure (ingredients lists, headnotes) [18] 2005.10.07 Receipts--see: recipes Red Kettle soup (Campbells)--see: soups Red Bull (caffeine beverage) 2012.04.21 Red eye [aka red rooster, red dog: beer & tomato juice) 2002.12.14 Red peppers--see:peppers Red sugar--see: sugar Red wine sauce--see: sauce Redbones foodways (Louisiana people) 2004.07.22 Reddi Whip 2001.02.25 Reform Club & Alexis Soyer [2] 2003.09.02 Refrigeration--see: preservation of food Refrigerator biscuits--see: dough-refrigerator Refrigerator cookies--see: cookies Reindeer tongues 2002.09.27 Releve (aka remove) [4] 2004.11.13 FAQ Religion & food (including taboos) Beverages 1st century (Bible) 2005.02.19 Bread 2011.05.26 Buddhism 2010.11.13 Christian Bible/New Testament-Jesus [19] 2004.02.16 Communion wafers--see: R&F, bread Confucius (551BC-479BC)--feasts, foods & philosophy [4] 2004.05.13 Hindu food taboos 2004.11.01 Islamic/Muslim traditions [2] 2004.01.06 Halal & Haram 2004.11.20 Eid 2008.05.13 Jewish foods, general [3] 2003.10.22 Ancient Hebrews, food taboos [2] 2004.01.02 Ashkenazi cuisine 2007.10.14 Bible/Old Testament 2003.12.14 Challah FAQ Jewish-American foodways 2009.06.15 Jewish rye bread--see: bread-rye Kosher [2] 2004.04.01 Kosher butchering in USA 2007.07.29 Kosher kitchens, 19th century Europe 2008.06.14 Kosher salt 2005.04.15 Passover bread (unleavened)--see: R&F-bread Last Supper 2011.08/08 (Oxford Symposium, 1998--paper presented) taboos (General) [2] 2002.10.04 Fish 2005.01.16 Pork [3] 2002.04.08 Voodoo (Vodun) 2005.11.12 Relish [2] 2004.05.02 Relish trays [2] 2004.11.15 Remoulade sauce--see: sauce Remove--see: releve Renaissance Italy 2003.04.20 Restaurants [4] FAQ 19th century London & Paris (1800-1851) 2010.11.12 Alice's Restaurant (Alice Brock, Back Room, Arlo Guthrie) 2012.04.14 Australia (first) 2007.09.19 Automats 2000.09.13 FAQ Bistros 2004.02.16 Brass Rail/Golden Door--see: Golden Door Cafe culture, Paris, 1920s 2013.03.23 Cafeterias [2] 2008.02.29 Chefs' Table 2009.10.14 (key articles scanned) Chick-fil-A [2] 2006.11.04 Chinese restaurants, 19th century 2010.04.10 Chinese Buffet, Indiana (introduction) 2011.04.24 Chock Full O'Nuts (& menus) [2] 2004.01.10 Chuckwagon chain (fast food, Pennsylvania & upstate New York area) 2013.01.19 Coffee houses (18th century) 2007.01.14 Cybercafes (Internet cafes) 2012.10 FAQ (internet.html) Delicatessens [6] 2003.10.29 Delmonico's menus...see Food 1 & Delmonico's/Lately Thomas (1837 menu & selected bills of fare) FAQ Denny's (Grand Slam Breakfast)--see: food prices Drive-ins 2002.11.09 Dugan Brothers (NYC bakery) 2009.06.13 Ebinger's (Brooklyn bakery) 2009.06.13 & 2014.06.13 (paper) Exchange Buffet (NYC)--use NYT Historic. Company obit= 11.9.63 "Cafeterias Built on Honesty Fail" Families dining together (adults & children) 2013.11.19 Family owned (oldest, U.S.) Antoine's 2005.08.25 Fast food--see: fast food restaurants Fong Fong Fountain (San Francisco CA) 2011.08.26 France Chinese take out in Paris 2007.06.08 18th century (first) [3] 2003.11.02 Free bread 2013.11.7 FAQ Free lunch FAQ Fuddrucker's 2012.04.09 Golden Door (Idlewild Airport, later Restaurant America) 2012.09.15 FAQ Golden Key Drive IN (NJ/Bergen County) 2012.06.27 Golden Steer (NYC & NJ) 2007.06.06 Hawaii Kai (NYC, near Wintergarden Theater) 2012.01.07 Henry's Drive-ins (hamburger chain) 2010.02.13 Hoagy's Corner Deli 2007.11.17 House of Chan (NYC, Radio City area) 2011.09.05 Howard Johnson's chicken croquettes--see: chicken Huyler's restaurant (confectionery store, lunch rooms, chain, NYC) 2014.01.09 Indian-American 2010.04.09 (see also: Smile entry, Currry/Sen) Industry research sources [2] 2005.11.07 Italian, first in USA 2003.11.02 Japanese, first in USA 2011.04.21 FAQ Kennedy's Butter & Eggs (& poultry & delicatessen, New England chain) 2012.07.17 Korean, NYC area 2005.05.26 Le Chantilly [106 E. 57th St NYC] 2010.12.09 Le St. Germain, 2955 Melrose Ave, Los Angles [later Patina] 2009.09.04 London-foreign restaurants 2003.11.17 McDonalds in Moscow: history & menu 2006.01.31 Major's Cabin Grill (NYC)--see: Diner's Club Manny Wolfs/Smith & Wollensky (same location) 2011.11.27 Men & women dining together? 2011.09.04 Mexican, UK 2014.03.05 Monte Cristo, Chicago 2009.11.26 Most popular menu items 2005.04.19 Musso & Frank's (Beverly Hills)--see: Pudding, Diplomat Patina, Los Angeles--see: Le St. Germain Plaza Hotel 2009.09.23 Purssell and Company (NYC, Broadway area) 2015.01.24 (see articles in file) Pontiere (NYC restaurant) 2007.11.08 Popina (Ancient Rome) 2013.05.16 FAQ--restaurants.html Prince Castle [Naperville IL] 2008.02.01 Radio Mexico (NYC, near Brooklyn Bridge) 2013.03.14 Rationing, USA, WWII 2012.10.08 Ray Wells (Pittsburg PA hamburger joint) 2013.08.23 Reform Club & Alexis Soyer [2] 2003.09.02 Revolving restaurants, NYC 2010.01.20 Road Kill Cafe (New England chain) 2003.04.17 Sambo's 2007.05.25 Salon de degustation 2008.03.27 Saloon (NYC/Broadway/Lincoln Center area--roller skating waitstaff) 2010.03.18 Schrafft's (restaurant) [3] 2005.10.12 Sherry's (Louis Sherry bio) 2014.02.07 (see paper copy) The Ship, PA roadside attraction restaruant shaped like a huge ship 2012.07.04 Shoyer's Restaurant [Philadelphia] 2010.02.12 Smith's Pantry recipes [Port Huron MI] 2007.08.06 Statistics (establishments, prices, expenditures, frequency) [2] 2006.03.07 Steak houses [3] FAQ & creamed spinach--see: spinach, creamed spinach Tad's (personal microwave ovens on tables for patrons) 2009.01.11 "Take away" (take out) in Britain & Australia (19th century) [2] 2003.08.27 Televisions in restaurants (USA) 2011.05.01 FAQ Thai restaurant USA (first) 2011.04.21 FAQ Thermopliums (Ancient Rome) 2013.05.16 FAQ---restaurants.html Top's Drive In (Virginia) 2007.07.10 Toque Blanche [London]--see: Michelin guides Trader Vic's 2008.04.25 see also: lamb Trois Freres Provencaux (Paris) 2013.03.12 United States 1800-1830 2004.10.30 NYC 1850-1970 2001.05.22 Philadelphia 1870 2002.03.14 Washington DC early 19th century 2010.06.07 Vi's Pies (Newport Beach, CA) 2008.02.01 Vietnamese restaurant USA (first, growth) 2011.04.16 FAQ Waiters (waitstaff) 2006.05.26 Reubens--see: sandwiches Revere, Paul--see: famous people Revolving restaurants--see: restaurants Rhubarb [4] 2006.01.08 aphrodisiac? (aka Amish Viagra) NO EVIDENCE FOUND 2015.01.11 Rhyming recipes--see: recipes-rhyming Ribbon candy--see: candy Ribbon sandwiches--see: sandwiches Rice [6] 2003.09.14 Asian, crust 2006.10.23 baked rice 2011.05.20 Basmati [2] 2004.01.25 brown rice [3] 2003.11.04 cakes, Korea 2004.09.29 Chelow (Persia) 2006.01.16 crackers (Japanese senbei) 2004.03.03 fried rice/Austalia 2002.05.09 fried rice /chicken [4] FAQ Imperatrice 2006.07.20 Mexico [2] 2005.03.30 Mochi (Japanese rice cakes) 2013.03.28 Musubi (Hawaii) 2005.04.18 noodles (mai faan) 2003.11.30 pilaf [3] 2004.11.08 price of rice in China--see: food prices pudding--see: pudding rice paper rolls (Vietnam) 2008.07.12 rijtaffel--see: curry Risotto [5] 2003.11.14 Salad (molded)--see: salads Spanish rice (canned, USA) 2008.10.20 threshing (pre-industrial) 2003.10.12 United Kingdom (introductino) 2007.03.25 White (polished rice) 2003.09.14 Wild rice 2005.11.02 Rice Krispies treats [33] FAQ Rice pudding--see: pudding Riced potatoes--see: potatoes Rich's Department Store recipes (Altanta GA) 2003.12.12 Rigby, William O. (Candy maker) [2] 2004.07.17 Rijtaffel (Indonesian/Dutch East Indies curry) see: curry Ring Dings (Drakes) 2002.01.09 Ripple cake--see: cakes Risotto--see: rice Rissole [2] 2005.03.20 Ritz crackers (Nabisco)--see: crackers Riverboats [steamboats] menus, Mississippi river [5] 2006.02.24 Road Kill Cafe (New England chain)--see: restaurants 2003.04.17 Roast beef--see: beef Roast beef commercial--see: beef Roasting & braising [5] 2002.10.17 FAQ Robert sauce--see: sauces-Robert Robin Hood--see: literature & food Robinson's infant food-see: baby food Rococco--see: cookies Rock cake (aka Rock biscuit)--see: cookies Rock candy--see: candy Rock lobster--see: lobster Rock sugar--see: sugar Rocket (arugula) [2] 2005.10.09 Rocky Mountain oysters (aka Mountain oysters) 2006.02.25 Rocky Road ice cream--see: ice cream Roll-ups--see: sandwiches Roman cuisine (modern)--see: Countries, Italy Roman Holiday--see: casseroles, Johnny Marzetti (spaghetti casserole) Romanoff sauce (aka Romanov sauce)--see: sauces Romeo & Juliet (Shakespeare/Verona Italy) [2] 2004.04.30 Rondele cheese--see: cheese Root beer [2] 2003.08.20 Root beer floats/Black cows--see: ice cream Roquefort--see: cheese Rose petals/hips (preserves) 2004.02.09 Rosemary (myths, quotes, sayings) [2] 2004.05.06 Rosewater (aka rose flower water) [4] 2005.01.27 Rosquillos (Spanish dounghuts)--send dougnut FAQ Rosy Perfection Salad--see: salad Roti--see: bread Roulade [4] 2003.09.27 Roulage 2012.02.21 Roumania--see: countries Route 66 foodways--see: countries, United States Roux---see: sauces Royal Baking Powder Company--see: Royal Pudding Royal Dansk Luxury Wafers see: cookies Royal icing--FAQ (cake, icing) Royal Pudding [Baking Powder] Company 2009.08.26 Rugelach--see: cookies Rum balls--see: cookies Rum buns 2004.01.23 Rumaki [2] 2004.02.19 Rush-bearer's Cake--see: Gingerbread, Grasmere Rusk--see: bread Russia--see: countries Russian salad--see: salads Russian salad dressing--see: salads Russian sheet cake--see: cake Russian tea cakes---see cookies Rusty bacon--see: bacon Rutabagas (aka swedes) [6] 2004.03.18 Rye 2004.04.20 Rye N Injun Bread (Laura Ingalls Wilder, Farmer Boy)--see: breads S.Q. (aka market price) 2009.01.04 Sabayon see: Zabiglione Sablage (ice cream & sorbet) 2006.06.29 Saccharin 2000.03.01 1930, 20 cents worth 2014.09.07 Tablets 2004.02.20 Sacher torte--see: cake Safe shipping of food 2001.06.26 Safety, food 2004.03.13 1950s issues & practices (USA) 2008.01.18 Saffron (& Saffron Walden) [3] 2006.08.31 Saganaki (Greece) 2005.08.26 Sage 2006.08.31 Sago [2] 2010.01.21 FAQ Sai mai lo--see: puddings: mai lo Saint Augustine, FL see: coutries, US, states Saint Honore cake--see: cake Saint Joseph's Day foods (Aka St. Giuseppe) 2006.01.17 Saint Timothy's coffee cake--see: cake Sailor Pilot--see: crackers Sake [2] 2006.01.25 Sal prunella--see: salt, saltpeter Salad [3] FAQ Ancient Rome 2013.05.14 (pages sent from books) 1950-2000: popular American choices 2006.01.11 Bologna salad 2009.02.10 Broccoli 2004.11.02 Caesar salad [5] FAQ Candlestick (banana & pineapple) (aka night cap salad)2010.11.29 Carrifruit salad 2008.07.06 Chef's salad FAQ Chef's Salad vs. Cobb Salad: difference? added to foodsalad FAQ (Chef's) Chicken salad [3] 2005.02.23 Chinese chicken salad 2008.05.21 FAQ fried oysters & chicken salad--see: oysters chopped salads [2] 2000.11.21 Cobb [4] 2003.11.24 FAQ Crackers served with salad--see: crackers cucumber 2003.03.18 Edwardian era (1901-1910) 2005.03.28 egg salad--see: egg Flower--see: flowers, edible fruit salad [4] FAQ Escamocha (Mexican style fruit salad) 2014.01.30 Greek [2] 2003.08.05 Grilled chicken 2005.06.02 Ham salad 2009.02.10 Wilson's Ham Salad (sold in glas jars, 1950s-1960s) 2014.02.10 Hawaiian fruit salad 2005.11.15 Hearts of Lettuce--see: Iceberg wedge Iceberg wedge [3] 2004.09.14 FAQ Italy salad courses--why served after entree? 2008.01.22 Louis XIV [French 17th century] [2] FAQ Macaroni salad FAQ Mandarin orange 2006.11.07 Mesclun [2] 2004.08.17 FAQ Neptune 2009.06.01 New Manhattan salad-see: Waldorf crown salad Oriental noodle salad 2010.10.08 FAQ Panzanella 2004.07.28 FAQ Parson's salad 2009.01.11 Pasta salad 2006.05.11 FAQ Pea salad (Thomas Jefferson colonial era) see: Famous people-Jefferson Perfection [3] 2006.02.13 Poke salad--see: pokeweed Potato [10] (includes German & New York style) FAQ Romaine lettuce (1897) 2004.07.31 Rice salad (Ensalada de Arroz) molded 2006.03.21 Rosy perfection salad (Swingtown) 2008.07.14 Russian salad [Salad Olivier] & Russian salad dressing [2] 2005.04.30 salad Alice (Teddy Roosevelt's daughter) not found, 2011.08.09 salad as main course of meal 2012.02.13 salad bars [6] FAQ salad kits (aka bagged salads) 2008.11.13 Salmagundi [4] 2006.02.23 seafood/lobster 2003.08.18 seven layer salad 2009.07.29 Serving/mixing utensils 2005.05.12 spinach salad & warm dressing (hot bacon dressing) [4] 2001.01.05 sunomono (Japanese vinegar salad) 2006.09.19 sunshine (molded gelatine with carrots and pineapple) 2008.02.18 Tabouleh [3] 2004.05.19 taco salad [5] FAQ 2001.08.29 taffy apple 2003.06.03 three bean 2002.10.03 Tossed/mixed green 2003.08.18 Tuna salad [5] 2003.08.27 FAQ Turkey 2003.11.19 Waldorf crowns salad 2009.07.27 Waldorf salad 2002.02.04 FAQ Watergate [27] FAQ Joke 2003.11.27 Recipe from pre-1974? 2003.10.17 Wilted lettuce--see:spinach salad Wooden salad bowls 2012.02.27 Salad cream--see: salad dressing Salad dressing Asian-American FAQ Caesar 2008.01.21 FAQ Pump Room recipe 2010.11.14 Green Goddess salad dressing [4] 2005.07.21 FAQ Honey mustard--see: sauces Milani's 1890 2008.11.11 Miracle French (Kraft) 2007.12.13 Russian dressing 2005.04.30 Salad cream (UK, 1960s) 2013.04.27 Thousand Island 2006.06.27 Thousand Island dressing/Marie Rose 2003.07.15 White House brand (Girard's) [2] 2009.07.05 Salamander (kitchen utensil) [2] 2004.06.01 Salami--see: sausages Saleratus (baking soda/leavener) FAQ Salisbury, James H. 2014.04.03 FAQ Salisbury steak 2003.03.29 FAQ Sally Lunn-see: cake Salmagundi (salmagundy)--see:salads Salmon 2011.09.07 (California) [2] 2001.08.20 Retail prices--see: food prices Salmon cakes (gateaux de saumon) 2003.10.08 Salmon Rockefeller 2009.09.23 smoked salmon (& combination with capers, onions, cream) 2010.06.18 Salmonella 2005.02.07 Saloon cafe (NYC)--see: restaurants Salsa [24] FAQ & tortillas 2002.10.31 Pico de gallo 2006.05.07 Pronunciation 2007.10.28 Salt [6] 2004.02.02 FAQ 17th-18th century (how sold, prepared, served) 2008.07.23 & baking (cake, bread,pastry) 2007.09.17 & pepper shaker holes 2001.12.10 & pepper shakers on tables 2006.08.01 (see pages attached to question) Kosher vs. Sea salt 2005.04.15 Hallstatt 2003.10.22 iodized salt 2013.03.13 FAQ mills 2002.02.28 North Carolina, colonial era, "Salt Supply of North Carolina During the American Revolution," NC Hist Review Oct 1945 Salt beef--see: beef Salt boxes (storage) 2007.11.14 Salt cured egg yolks--see: eggs Salting & curing--see: preservation of food Saltpeter (saltpetre) 2005.04.14 Smoked salt 2006.02.15 Triangle brand salt (Morton's) 2010.02.14 water taffy--see: candy Salt rising bread--see: bread Saltpeter--see: salt Saltines--see: crackers Salvador food--see: countries-Salvador Saltpeter--see: salt Sambal sauce--see: sauces Sambo's (restaurant chain) see: restaurants Samosas (aka sanbosag, sanbusaq, sambusa, sambusak) [5] 2004.02.25 Samp (cornmeal mush) 2003.02.19 San Antonio cuisine--see: Countries, U.S.-Texas Sancocho--see: stew Sand Cake--see: cakes Sand tarts--see: cookies Sanders (aka red sanders, sandalwood) 2010.06.30 Sandwich cakes--see:cookies Sandwiches [22] FAQ American history/role 2003.11.03 BLT FAQ Banh mi (Vietnamese) 2010.06.01 FAQ Beef on Weck (Buffalo, NY specialty) 2008.08.21 Chicken Barb (Andover MA area) 2013.12.31 (paper files only) Chicken sandwiches (fast food)--see: restaurants-Chick-fil-A Chivito (Uruguay) 2007.07.05 Club [9] FAQ Commercial (aka Hot Beef, Beef Manhattan; aka hot open beef sandwiches) 2004.09.26 Croque Monsieur [2] 2003.10.30 Cuban 2005.02.05 Cucumber 2003.07.21 Dagwood ingredients-original [4] FAQ Denver--see: Western Dynomite (Rhode Island) 2014.01.28 Egg mayonnaise sandwiches 2006.03.04 Finger & tea [2] 2002.11.05 French dip sandwich [2] 2000.07.13 Fresno 2012.06.24 Fried brain sandwiches (USA midwest) 2013.02.12 Grilled cheese vs toasted cheese [2] FAQ Grilled cheese & ham 2003.02.11 Grilled cheese & tomato 2007.08.13 Grilled cheese & tomato soup 2002.01.09 FAQ National Grilled Cheese Month (& Day)--see: National food days Hangman's Loaf 2004.12.27 Hero sandwiches FAQ Horse shoe (pony shoe) 2006.04.05 [Springfield IL] Hot roast beef or turkey--see: commercial Italian hot sandwiches [3] 2003.10.28 Larry's Poor Boy (& other varieties, frozen) 2010.02.06 Lard sandwich 2006.05.23 Lone Eagle (New Orleans) 2014.01.25 Marion's Party Loaf 2013.07.21 (not found; Marion is a man) Market data (# sandwiches Americans consume per year) 2011.07.25 Meatball 2007.02.20 Monte Cristo [10] FAQ National Sandwich Day, National Sandwich Month, National Sandwich Idea Contest [Wheat Flour Institute] 2007.01.17 additional Chicago Tribune articles clipped to question + book: Winning Sandwiches for Menu Makers c. 1976 Open (Danish) [2] 2006.05.14 Open roast beef or turkey--see: commercial Panini sandwiches [4] 2006.03.27 Parata/Paratha 2003.09.28 Patty melts [2] 2003.05.23 Peanut butter & banana (Elvis) FAQ (sandwiches) Peanut butter & jelly [5] FAQ Pinwheel sandwiches (& tortilla pinwheel sandwhiches) [4] 2006.05.16 FAQ Po'Boys (from New Orleans) [3] FAQ Pork tenderloin (aka breaded pork tenderloin), Indiana [2] 2009.06.29 added to Indiana faq Primanti (Pittsburgh) 2009.09.27 Prosperity sandwiches (St. Louis, Mayfair Hotel) 2012.01.24 Rachel 2004.11.12 Railroad--see: Railroad dining Reubens [3] 2004.03.05 Ribbon 2006.05.16 (with Pinwheel sandwiches) Roll-ups (ham & cheese) 2006.12.06 St. Paul (from St. Louis) [2] 2007.02.20 six-foot sandwiches (6 foot sandwiches) 2013.12.26 FAQ Sloppy Joes [10] FAQ Sausages & Peppers (hero-type) 2011.04.23 Sloppy Joes with Karo syrup 2003.02.26 SPAMwich 2003.12.18 Spiedies 2003.03.17 Submarine [14] FAQ Toast sandwich 2011.10.27 Tuna Tuna melts [5] 2003.01.13 FAQ Tuna sweet corn sandwich (UK) 2014.06.07 Victory sandwich 2010.05.20 Wedge 2007.01.04 (added to sandwich FAQ/submarines) Western/Denver [10] FAQ White House sandwich [2] 2009.10.01 Sangria--see: wine Santa's whiskers--see: cookies Sapota/Sapodilla (aka Zapote) 2002.10.08 Saracha--see: sauces-sriracha Saratoga cakes--see: cake Saratoga Flakes--see: cookies Saratoga steak--see: steaks Sardalaise 2006.01.17 Sardines--see: fish Sardines Farcies Aux Epinards 2007.02.18 Sarsaferine (soft drink, Starbird Manufacturing) 2009.04.12 Sashimi 2008.04.10 (added to FAQ) Satay [3] 2006.09.06 Sau sea shrimp--see: shrimp Sauces [4] FAQ A-1 steak sauce 2002.02.02 Allemande 2010.12.05 FAQ Au Jus 2002.09.04 Barbecue [bottled, USA] 2011.07.19 Bearnaise 2006.10.07 FAQ Bechamel (cream reductions) [2] FAQ Besciamella--see: Bechamel Bordelaise [1] 2013/08.02 FAQ Brandy butter 2006.09.14 Cafe de Paris steak sauce 2008.07.08 Cameline 2005.08.15 Cardinal 2008.08.07 Charcutiere 2008.05.10 Cheese sauce 2012.09.23 FAQ Chermoula 2008.01.09 Choron 2007.07.04 Creme Anglais--see: Creme Anglais Culinary bases (glace, demi-glace) 2008.05.14 Demi-glace 2014.02.07 FAQ Emulsified 2003.04.17 Egg & lemon (lemon & egg) --see: soups-avgolemono Espagnole [3] FAQ Fish sauce (southeast Asia: naam plaa, Yu lu, Mam nem) 2007.11.26 Food? (is sauce considered food?) 2007.06.19 gastrique 2012.02.06 FAQ glace 2014.02.07 FAQ Governor sauce (Canada) 2008.09.19 Guildmaster (Pullman trains) [3] 2006.07.27 H & P 2007.02.05 Hard sauce [2] 2006.11.20 FAQ Harvey's sauce (commercial product & recipe) [2] 2009.03.11 Hollandaise [2] FAQ Honey mustard 2011.05.01 FAQ Hot dog sauce, West Virginia--see: hot dogs Hot-N-Tot (Wright's; referred to by Cowardly Lion/Wizard of Oz) 2011.04.08 FAQ Jezebel [3] 2005.02.09 FAQ Joinville 2013.07.17 (also fish dish) FAQ Kochu chang (Korean hot bean sauce) 2004.01.06 Livornese 2007.02.27 Marchand de vin [2] 2004.02.17 Marie Rose--see: salad dressings--Thousand Island/Marie Rose Mariniere 2013.02.27 Maximillian 2007.11.17 Mayonnaise 2007.11.04 FAQ Hellman's Blue Ribbon 2012.06.15 Salad Bowl 2005.10.28 Sandwich spread--when began use in USA? 2014.08.01 Milanese & Milaniase 2003.09.11 Mojo de ajo (West Indian garlic sauce) 2011.04.11 Mole [3] 2004.02.25 Mole poblano FAQ Mornay--see: cheese sauce "Mother" [3] 2004.02.22 FAQ Nantua (bechamel with crayfish) [2] 2004.12.16 FAQ Normandy sauce 2011.10.05 FAQ Parisienne 2010.12.05 Pernod cream sauce 2007.03.14 Pesto & pistou [7] 2003.12.24 FAQ Picante 2002.08.15 Poivrade 2003.07.14 Ponzu (ponsu) 2005.08.19 Quidi Vidi Steak Sauce, Quebec CA 2007.12.12 Red wine 2005.01.20 Remoulade [4] 2008.09.17 FAQ Robert 2014.02.07 FAQ Rockyfeller's (Rocky) hamburger sauce, circa 1950s [2] 2007.01.07 Romanoff (Romanov) 2007.07.06 Roux [3] FAQ Sambal 2007.11.36 Seafood 2003.07.15 Singer (technique) 2013.04.03 Sofrito [2] 2003.07.27 Soy [2] 2004.04.11 Soy burgers 2004.04.09 Srircha (aka siracha) 2015.01 FAQ Sweet & sour (Chinese) 2004.02.13 Sweet sauces --see: hard sauce Tartar [10] FAQ Theodora 2011.12.29 Tzatziki 2007.11.25 Tomato [3] FAQ Veloute [3] FAQ Vodka 2004.10.25 FAQ Worcestershire 2011.02.15 FAQ Sauerbraten--see: beef Sauerkraut [10] 2004.07.05 Italian cuisine? 2009.02.03 Saunders (coloring from sandlewood) [2] 2004.01.22 Sausage [4] 2002.10.14 Black pudding (aka blood pudding) [2] 2005.11.04 FAQ Lamb's Blood pudding 2006.11.15 Bologna [7] 2005.01.05 Bratwurst (also cheddarwurst, cheesewurst) [4] 2003.10.16 Braunschweiger/Liverwurst 2002.12.02 Cervelas [cervelat] see also: saveloy 2008.03.24 Chipolata 2004.12.14 Chorizo (Spanish, Mexican) [2] 2004.06.16 Italian 2003.04.23 Kielbasa [4] 2003.11.24 Kiszka (Polish blood sausage) [2] 2004.12.17 Lebanon bologna [3] 2005.10.24 mortadella [3] 2005.01.10 olive loaf 2010.12.29 pancetta 2006.11.20 Pepperoni [3] 2003.10.14 Salami [3] 2003.10.14 Sausage & pepper sandwiches--see: sandwiches Sausage cake--see: cakes Sausage roll 2012.09.10 FAQ Stuffed derma (kishke) 2010.10.02 Vienna (weinerwurst) [4] 2004.01.27 White pudding (aka Hog's pudding) 008.08.09 Sauteeing 2002.10.17 Savarin (confection)--see: cakes Savarin (brand coffee)--see: coffee Saveloys 2004.02.16 Savita (vegetarian protein health food, Kelloggs) 2012.10.10 Savora--see: Savita Savory (spice) 2005.01.18 Savoy cake & biscuits--see: cake Sawdust pie--see: pies Scales, food Tudor era 2004.01.25 Scalloped foods 2004.11.19 see also: corn, Oysters, Potates Scampi--see: shrimp Scandinavia and Scotland cuisine 2003.08.08 Schaum torte--see: cakes Schmaltz (schmalz, chicken or goose fat)--see: chicken Schnenkeles (fried cinnamon cookies)--see: cookies Schnenken--see: cinnamon buns Schnitzel (Wiener & Holstein) FAQ Schnupf noodles--see: pasta School lunches 2001.09.26 FAQ UK 1960s 2012.01.11 (not logged, paper only) USA 1920/30s 2004.04.25 FAQ USA 1970s-1980s--recipe cards 2013.01.20 USA, Sweetwater Union High School District, 1970s-1980s 2013.08..15 Schools, cooking/culinary (American & European + industry stats) [2] 2008.03.11 Army cooking school (USA) 2011.03.17 FAQ Schrafft's (restaurant)--see: restaurants Schwarzwalder Kirschtorte--see: cakes-Black Forest Cake "Scientific cooks"--see: cooks Scillas (Ancient Roman shrimp)--see: shrimp Scones--see: breads Scooter pies--see: cookies Scotch kisses--see: candy Scotch tablet (aka Scottish tablet)--see: candy-tablet Scotland & Scandinavia cuisine 2003.08.08 Scottish trifle--see: English trifle Scrapple [panhause, panhas,ponhaws] [4] (See also: goetta, gritwurst) 2010.02.22 Scratch, cooking from 2004.02.02 Scungilli 2006.05.05 Scuppernongs (grapes) 2003.11.09 Sea snails [2] 2004.10.14 [FAQ] Seafoam candy--see: candy-sponge candy Seafood salad--see: salad Seafood sauce--see: sauces Seal Harris diet-hyperinsulism 2001.07.13 Seaweed/kelp (nori/sushi) see: algae Seitan (wheat meat) [3] 2005.02.02 FAQ Self-raising flour--see: flour Sell by dates--see: food dating Seltzer bottles--see: siphon bottles Semifreddo [2] 2004.04.29 Seminary muffins--see: muffins Semita see: cake Semolina--see:bread Serbian cuisine--see: countries-Yugoslavia Service [restaurant serving] 2002.04.28 Cloche service (aka Bell service) 2010.06.04 Family style 2007.11.27 French, Russian & American [5] 2005.11.01 FAQ Plated service 2013.11.11 Service industry [food & hospitality]--see: food service Serving temperatures 2008.01.04 Sesame chicken--see: chicken Sesame seeds [6] 2003.11.26 FAQ Benne cookies (sesame seed cookies)--see: cookies Seven layer cake--see: cakes Seven layer dip--see: dips Seven layer salad--see: salads Seven sweets and seven sours [PA Dutch] 2006.05.25 Sfinci (Italian pastry) 2005.10.05 Sfogliatelle--see: pastry Sformato 2004.09.09 Shadow cake--see: cakes Shake'n Bake (General Foods) 2004.01.22 Shaker lemon pie--see:pies Shaklee Corporation, CA (nutritional products) 2010.10.15 Shark steaks--see: fish Shashlik (kebab) [2] 2008.02.05 Shawnee foodways--see: Native Americans She crab soup--see: soups Sheep 2013.03.22 FAQ Shelf paper (aka shelf liners) 2012.04.11 Shellfish 2002.08.07 Shelton, Herbert (naturopath) 2008.03.19 Shepherd's bread--see: bread Shepherd's pie--see: pie Sherbet--see: ice cream Sherbet powder--see: ice cream Sheridan, Monica [Irish cookbook author & TV cooking show host] 2013.01.12 Ship crew meal, 1859-1890 2003.02.27 Ship meals, 16th-18th centuries 2004.07.06 Ship restaurant (Lincoln Highway, PA)--see: restaurants Shirred eggs--see: eggs Shish kebob--see: kebobs Shit on a shingle (aka SOS) [4] 2004.03.14 Shoe polish (phrase: "At last, a perfect shoepolish") 2014.05.10 Shokupan--see: bread Shoofly--see: pie Shortbread--see: cookies Shortcake--see: cake Shortening 2003.12.16 Shredded wheat, spoonsize-see: breakfast cereal Shrewsbury cakes--see: cakes Shrimp [2] FAQ coconut battered--see: tempura deep fried--see:tempura De Jonghe 2006.12.22 honey walnut shrimp 2013.07.27 Native American cooking & recipes 2006.02.14 Prawns--see Shrimp FAQ Sau Sea (brand) shrimp (cocktail, frozen) 2010.03.07 Scillas (Ancient Roman large shrimp) [2] 2003.11.29 Shrimp cocktail [3] 2005.08.04 FAQ Grapefruit & Shrimp Cocktail Joy of Cooking/1931/p. 3 Shrimp scampi [2] 2004.07.21 FAQ Shrimp wiggle 2010.04.23 FAQ Shrimp William (camarones rellenos) 2011.01.23 Shrub--see: alcoholic beverages Side dishes [2] 2012.03.08 Side tables (sideboards, servers)--see: side dishes Sids--see: Sowens (oat based) Silk Route foods 2004.11.22 Silver dragees (cake decorations)--see: candy Silverware Forks [5] 2004.01.09 FAQ Forks & knives Changing hands [dining etiquette] [3] 2004.02.07 FAQ Shape relationship 2004.09.04 Ice cream forks [2] 2008.11.17 Ladles 2007.08.31 Soup spoons 2011.11.30 Similac--see: baby food Simnel cake--see: cake Simon, Sam (race track concessionare) 2009.03.17 Singer (method of sauce preparation)--see: sauces Sinzibukwud (Algonquin word for maple syrup) 2004.08.17 Siopao 2004.03.30 Siphon bottles (for seltzer/soda) 2004.01.20 Sipulum-Pilate's coins 2002.06.21 Siracha--see: sauces-sriracha Sirloin steak--see: steak Sixth pans (foodservice) 2011.10.26 Skillet dinner (aka skillet meal) boxed 2010.11.11 Skim milk--see: milk Skimmer cake--see: dumplings Skippy cups--see: ice cream-Dixie cups Slave ship subsistence FAQ (foodpioneer.html) Slavonic Steak--see: steak Slice and bake cookies--see: cookies-refrigerator Slickers--see: dumplings sliders--see: hamburgers Slim Jims--see: jerky Slippery pot pie--see: pies, pot pies Sloppy Joes--see:sandwiches Slovakia--see: countries Slum (slumgullion)--see: stew Small business, food--starting points 2002.06.03 Small plates 2007.11.23 Smarties--see: candy Smetana--see: sour cream Smith, Dorothy Hope (Gerber Baby artist) 2007.10.12 Smith, Eliza (18th c. English cookbook author) 2012.09.09 Smith Island Cake--see: cakes Smoked foods, international [3] 2003.07.17 Smoked salmon--see: salmon Smoked salt--see: salt Smoking meat (general) [5] 2006.10.25 18th century methods 2000.02.28 Smoothies [16] FAQ Smores [11] FAQ Smorgasbord 2005.12.08 Snack foods 1800, 1850, 1900 & 1950 2001.08.21 Snails--see: escargots Snack Mate--see: cheese-Cheez Whiz Snackin Cake--see: cakes--Snackin Cake (Betty Crocker) Snails--see: escargot Snappie--see: crackers Snickerdoodles--see: cookies Sno kones--see: ice cream Snowdrift shortening 2007.03.04 Snow [2] 2006.11.16 Snow birds 2008.02.07 Snowball cake--see: cakes Soba noodles--see: pasta-noodles Socle 2009.05.15 Soda cream soda [2] 2004.05.11 Soda jerk (origin of phrase) 2007.02.01 Soda pop (soft drinks) [2] 2005.06.23 Diet soda 2008.08.27 FAQ Dr. Nut 2011.08.17 Eagle brand (Texas) 2010.06.09 Sofkee (sofki)--see: hominy Soft boiled eggs-see: eggs Soft ice cream--see: ice cream Sole Normande 2005.09.17 Somalia--see:countries: Somalia Son-of-a-bitch stew--see: stew Sopes 2008.11.21 Sorbet see: ice cream Sopapillas--see: bread-fry bread Sorghum [3] 2004.04.28 added to FAQ (candy/sugar) recipes 2002.06.14 Sorrel 2005.07.14 soup--see: soups-tchav Souffle [13] FAQ potatoes--see: potatoes Why fall (noise?) added to FAQ Why rise 2005.02.01 Soul food [9] FAQ deviled eggs & yeast rolls 2003.01.05 Soup [8] FAQ Alphabet soup 2012.08.22 FAQ Ancient recipes 2004.01.14 Avgolemono (Greek) 2013.06 FAQ Beer cheese soup [2] 2007.12.26 Billy bi (billibi, bilibi,billy by) 2013.03.13 FAQ Bisque FAQ apple & squash bisque[2] 2004.12.03 Lobster bisque 2005.10.25 FAQ Plaza Athenee lobster bisque 2012.10.24 Black bean [2] 2004.07.23 Borscht [5] FAQ First mention/vikings 2004.02.013 St. Petersburg-style (bread dome) 2004.01.06 Served with? 2008.07.26 Bouillabaisse [2] 2004.02.27 Bouillion cubes [2] 2005.02.05 Bourride 2004.02.27 Broccoli cheese soup [2] 2011.04.26 Broth 2004.04.07 cabbage 2007.06.21 Callaloo [2] 2005.04.20 FAQ Cannellini bean soup [2] 2005.03.03 Campbells Red Kettle brand 2011.10.05 soup can size/weight 1960s 2009.12.09 Carmen/consomme--why name? 2003.12.08 Chicken corn soup (Pennsylvania Dutch) 2011.11.01 Chicken noodle [3] 2006.01.19 chili 2002.02.19 chowder [3] FAQ corn see: corn soup Kennedy Whitehouse recipe 2007.01.18 milk/cream introduction 2011.04.21 FAQ New England & Manhattan [4] FAQ Vegetable cheese chowder 2008.01.18 Cioppino [6] FAQ Consomme [4] FAQ Double consomme 2010.06.10 Corn soup & corn chowder 2011.11.01 faq Macque Choux (Cajun) 2012.10.03 Court bouillon 2003.10.11 faq Cream of broccoli [2] 2004.03.13 Cream of mushroom (Campbell's) [2] 2005.08.10 Classic French name, recipe? 2010.01.20 Cream soup bowls (why two handles?) 2006.11.06 Digger's Magic Mushroom 2006.02.01 Duck Blood (Czarina) Poland 2007.01.24 Eat vs drink (why?) 2006.06.26 FAQ First company to package 2001.07.16 French, 1960s American popular 2008.07.26 French onion soup [6] FAQ Fruit soup (cold dessert soup) [5] 2003.09.30 FAQ Garbanzo bean soup 2006.04.07 Garlic 2009.10.04 FAQ Gazpacho [6] 2004.08.19 FAQ Geographic influences 2010.01.26 Germany 2006.02.04 Gumbo 2003.12.17 Habitant brand (Canada) 2004.06.08 Ham & bean 1004.01.17 Hot and sour (Chinese) [2] 2005.06.28 Hunters soup [Pepperidge Farm brand] & recipes 2010.12.17 "Is is soup yet?" (Lipton ad campaign) 2008.04.11 Italian wedding [21] FAQ Pittsburgh 2003.06.13 Knoefla (aka nefla) 2004.05.16 Leberknodelsuppe (liver soup) 2002.08.06 Lithuanian (hot, without beetroot) 2005.08.19 Marrow ball soup (aka marrow ball dumpling soup) 2012.06.05 Matelote (French fish chowder) 2005.06.13 Matzo ball soup [4] 2004.11.29 Minestrone [4] 2005.08.03 Minestrone [McCalls magazine/1970s] 2004.12.29 Mongole (pea & tomato combination) 2009.12.07 Mushroom Barley [Jewish cuisine] 2005.11.09 Mulligatawny [4] 2004.02.01 FAQ Navy bean 2010.11.27 FAQ Oxtail--see: oxtails Palestine (Jerusalem artichoke soup) 2002.02.16 FAQ Pea soup, split pea soup 3] 2003.09.30 FAQ Pepperpot 2002.04.05 FAQ Pocket/portable [5] 2002.08.01 FAQ Potato soup Brownn flour potato soup 2014.05.09 Ireland [4] 12.07.03 2003.12.07 Presidential soup quots 2007.10.31 Pumpkin 2003.08.17 Puppy soup (Erdrich)--see: dogs Rancho brand 2007.08.25 Seaweed soup, Korea--see: algae She crab soup 2005.12.18 FAQ Soup mix, Lipton onion (& chicken noodle) [3] 2006.05.22 FRAQ Soup or stew (definitions) [2] 2010.07.06 FAQ Soup spoons--see: silverware "Soup's on" refer to: Barry Popik's notes Soupe du Saint-Esprit (French alps, pentecost ritual) 2012.08.07 Spanish bean soup pinto beans 2007.09.10 Ybor City see: Garbanzo bean soup Spring soup [Kitchener] 2011.02.10 Stock [3] 2004.04.07 FAQ Stracciatella (Roman egg drop) 2013.07.06 Taco soup (aka tortilla soup) [5] 2005.05.07 FAQ Tchav (chav, sorrel soup) 2005.08.04 Thentuk (Tibetian noodle soup) 2004.11.10 tomato soup [3] 2003.9.30 Tomato soup cake--see: cakes-Mystery tortilla soup--see: taco soup Tripe (menudo) [3] 2004.10.11 see also: pepperpot soup Tudor era--floaters? 2003.09.30 Turtle [3] 2006.01.15 Campbell's & Franco American brand turtle (including green turtle, terrapin & mock turtle) 2009.07.18 Tuscany 2004.04.17 Veloute Agnes Sorel 2005.08.12 Vichysoisse [9] FAQ War [wor] wonton 2002.02.27 West African lemony chicken okra soup 2003.11.09 Wonton 2003.09.27 Soup kitchens--Depression era 2003.01.29 FAQ Sour candies--why do they make our faces pucker? 2004.09.10 Sour cream [4] 2003.12.13 & baked potatoes 2007.03.25 & chives 2007.03.27 Smetana 2003.12.16 Sour cream cookies--see: cookies Sourdough bread & starter--see: bread Sous vide (plastic pouch cookery) 2012.02.06 Southern fusion--see: Countries-United States-regions Souvlaki 2005.02.26 Sowens 2007.01.22 Soy sauce see: sauce Soy, tomato see: tomato soy Soybean oil--see: oils Soyer, Alexis & the Reform Club--see: restaurants Space Dust--see: candy, Pop Rocks Space food FAQ Apollo 11 mission (1969/moon) foods 2012.01.05 FAQ Apollo era fruitcake recipe--see: cakes, fruit cake Gemini 3 (corned beef sandwich) 2014.06.22 FAQ Space food sticks 2005.03.12 Spatezel 2003.11.03 Spaghetti--see: pasta Spaghetti squash--see: squash Spaghettios--see: pasta SPAM-how named (& competitors: PREM, TREET & MOR) 2000.11.10 FAQ 1937 price (when first introduced) 2007.05.06 FAQ see also: meats, Camp Pie (UK/Australian version) SPAMwich--see:sandwiches Spanish--see: liquorice Spanish cookies--see: cookies: Mexican wedding cakes Spanish in America--see: Countries-United States-ethnic Spanish omelets--see: eggs, omelets Spanish rice--see: rice Spanked cream--see: whipped cream Speakeasy foods--see: 1920s-Speakeasies Specten dicken (speck decken?) 2001.03.12 Spelt (wheat type) [3] 2004.10.22 FAQ Spice cake-see: cakes Spice grinders 2000.09.11 Spiced round--see: beef Spices Colonial 2003.10.14 Crusaders 2002.11.19 Global sources for study 2009.04.13 spices v. herbs 2004.01.24 Spider (frying pan with legs)see: frying Spiedies--see: sandwiches Spinach [4] 2003.07.19 Chinese spinach (Amaranthus mangostanus 2013.09.14 Creamed spinach (& traditional English/American recipes/steak house menus) [3] 2003.07.09 Green Thursday (Easter tradition)--see: holidays-Easter New Zealand spinach 2002.03.24 Palak (India) [2] 2006.02.13 Popeye brand 2008.11.14 salad-warm dressing [2] 2001.01.05 Spiral carved (spiral sliced) ham--see: ham Spirits (alcohol) 2004.04.29 Windsor Canadian Supreme whiskey 2010.02.25 Spirulina--see: algae Spit (roasting) 2004.01.10 Splatter dabs (western term for hot cakes) 2007.11.20 Split pea soup--see: soups Spokes characters (advertising: ex. Betty Crocker, Aunt Jemima, Ann Pillsbury) 2010.04.07 Sponge cake--see: cake Sponge candy--see: candy Spoon bread--see corn bread Spoons--see: silverware Spotted dick (pudding & bread) [2] FAQ Spotted dog--see: spotted dick Spreads, bread--see: breads Spring soup--see: soups Sprite (soda) 2004.06.26 Spritz cookies--see: cookies-spritz Sprouts [2] 2005.04.28 Spumoni--see: ice cream Squab--see: pigeon Squash [4] 2003.10.05 Acorn squash (aka Des Moines squash, Table Queen) 2011.07.29 FAQ5 Butternut 2008.12.18 Opo squash 2004.09.07 Spaghetti squash [2] 2005.11.02 Squash blossoms 2005.05.07 Squaw bread--see: bread Squid [3] 2005.02.17 Squirrel 2011.03.24 FAQ Sriracha--see: sauces Stack cake--see: cakes Stack Pack--see: food packaging Stained glass window cookies--see: cookies Stalicious (chocolate drink) 2011.06.30 Stand pie--see: pie Staple foods definition 2004.02.04 different countries 2002.09.18 Star anise (fruit) 2007.02.24 Starch (technical question) 2002.01.12 Stargazy pie--see: pie Starters, cold [2] 2003.11.23 FAQ State foods FAQ sources for recipes (state desserts, state sandwiches) 2010.06.17 Steak [2] 2003.02.22 Ball-tip --see: tri-tip Beef steak a la mirabeau 2004.08.18 Beefsteak Stanley 2005.04.06 Bistecca alla fiorentina 2007.12.12 Blue steak 2008.05.11 FAQ Carpetbag (aka carpetbagger) [3] 2003.11.28 Culotte--see: tri-tip Cube steak 2009.02.05 FAQ Delmonico 2004.07.16 Denver 2006.01.06 Diane [23] FAQ Baltimore introduction 2012.04.26 Esterhazy 2007.06.18 Filet mignon 2003.09.29 Finger steaks 2005.08.04 FAQ Flat iron 2004.01.23 Houses--see: restaurants Mudega (St. Louis) 2005.05.07 Pepper steak [3] 2005.07.08 Pittsburgh-style 2003.09.12 Prices--see: food prices (1910s) Rib cap (aka ribeye cap) cut 2014.02.13 Saratoga steak 2010.03.09 Sirloin [2] 2005.10.28 Slavonic steak (Hawaii) 2008.05.11 Steak and eggs 2006.05.27 Steak and kidney pie--see:pie Steak au poivre 2006.10.17 see also Steak Diane Steamship round 2005.10.21 Strip 2006.12.06 Swiss steak (aka baked steak, swissed steak) [2] 2004.04.10 FAQ T-bone 2003.12.25 teriyaki 2003.06.23 tri-tip (triangle tip, ball tip, culotte) 2011.05.18 FAQ Steam cooking 2011.11.09 Steamship round--see: steak Steeple pans (for steaming bread/cake on stovetop) 2007.04.14 Stejr's Candy Kitchen--see: candy-Jerome's Stevens, Harry M. (sports concessionaire) 2007.07.25 (print only) Pizza 2008.03.22 Stevia [2] 2006.01.31 Stew [2] 2003.12.19 Bigos (aka Hunters stew, Poland) 2013.01.24 Bog (stew) 2004.01.08 Booya (booyah) Northern Midwest USA [2] 2011.01.07 FAQ Brunswick stew [2] 2004.02.22 FAQ Cowboy venison stew 2000.11.24 Frogmore stew [2] 2004.07.21 Goulash & American goulash 2007.06.17 Girl Scout recipes--see: Girl Scouts Green chili 2005.11.12 Irish [2] 2005.11.06 Joe Booker (Maine) 2009.04 17 Lobscouse [2] 2007.04.01 Peposo (Tuscany) 2010.03.30 Pine bark stew 2004.03.03 Rabbit stew--see: rabbits Ragout [2] 2007.04.20 Sancocho (Latin & Central America) 2012.01.15 Slum (slumgullion) 2008.10.08 Son-of-a-bitch (aka son-of-a gun) 2007.06.22 Soup or stew (definitions) see: soups Venison (Colonial/early American) [2] 2006.11.05 Stewart pie--see: pies Stewing & braising [4] 2003.12.19 Sticciata & schiacciata--see: bread Stick foods (food on a stick) 2003.11.06 Sticky buns--see: cinnamon rolls Sticky toffee pudding--see: pudding "Stiffen" (culinary term used with meat or poultry) 2010.05.05 Still Life With Biscuits/Picasso 2003.07.25 Stinky tofu--see: tofu Stir fry--see: wok cookery Stir Up Sunday--see: Christmas Foods, Christmas/Plum pudding Stock--see: soup Stollen--see: cake Stone wine--see: wine Stones (testicles) 2007.07.16 Storage of food early 19th century US (meats/oilcloth) 2006.12.14 1940s (United States) 2005.03.24 Stovies--see: potatoes Stoves & hearth cookery 2009.12.28 Stoves, New York, 19th century 2014.09.20 Stracciatella ice cream--see: ice cream soup--see: soups Strange foods [research paper context points & suggestions] 2011.03.30 Strata [5] 2004.09.09 Straw cake--see: cakes Strawberries [3] 2003.11.11 Chocolate covered strawberries--see: candy Strawberries Romanov 2007.07.06 Strawberry cake (flavored)--see:cakes Strawberry shortcake--see: cake Straws (drinking straws) 2006.12.23 Streetfood [2] 2004.06.06 Streetfood-ancient baking techniques 2004.06.07 Strip steak--see: steak Stroganoff FAQ Chicken stroganoff--see: chicken Stromboli [8] 2003.11.06 Stroopwafels--see:cookies Strudel [9] 2004.10.11 Strufoli--see: loukoumades Stufa (stoves worn by pizza vendors) 2005.01.22 Stuffed dates--see: dates Stuffed derma--see: sausages Stuffed leaves (grape & fig aka dolmades) [9] 2003.06.03 Stuffed mushrooms--see: mushrooms Stuffed potatoes--see: potatoes (twice baked) Stuffed tomatoes--see: tomatoes Stuffing, oyster--see:oysters Stuffing (dressing) [2] FAQ Mrs. Truman's recipe [2] 2003.11.10 Sturgeo--see: fish Styrofoam cups--see: food packaging, paper cups Subgum (Chinese culinary term) [3] 2006.08.11 Submarine sandwich--see sandwiches Substitutions, food 2005.03.05 Subtleties 2006.03.12 Succotash [2] 2001.11.27 Sucre a la creme 2005.10.11 Suet [7] 2006.03.11 Suet v. Drippings (definitions & differences) 2006.03.11 Suffragette foods 2003.12.13 Sugar [3] Australia [20th century developments] 2005.04.20 black (licorice) 2001.07.04 brown (definition & process) [4] 2001.12.03 FAQ C sugar (1917: cane? cuban?) 2009.09.27 Cake ingredient see: cakes Colonial American sources 2003.12.13 Cones (size & shape) 18th c. 2003.08.11 Confectioners' [2] sugar FAQ Cubes [2] 2004.02.23 Dark syrup 2008.03.10 Granulated sugar 2008.05.05 Lisbon 2005.04.11 Medicinal properties (anticeptic) 2007.03.29 moist sugar 2013.01.07 penny loaf 2001.09.22 Pie--see: pies Pilonchio (azucar de pilon) 2008.03.06 Pounded 2007.12.26 Powdered--see: confectioners' Prices--colonial America 2003.12.16 Red sugar (19th century) 2014.01.27 Rock sugar 2012.11.01 Sugar paste [2] 2005.07.28 Sugar work 2003.12.01 Surname Sugar--meaning? 2007.05.20 Treacle [2] 2006.10.14 UK sweetener history 2008.06.21 Utah & Idaho sugar company [U & I Sugar) 2010.08.13 Vanilla sugar 2009.10.19 Sugar cane swizzle sticks (where to purchase) 2007.08.29 Sugar cones (for ice cream)--see: ice cream Sugar mice--see: candy Sugar paste (sugar flowers, cake decoration)--see: sugar Sugar pie--see: pies, chess pie (white sugar) Sugar plums--see: candy Sugar wafers--see: cookies Sugo--see: Tomato Gravy FAQ Sukiyaki FAQ Sultanas--see: cookies Sumach berries (for scurvy treatment/USA Civil War era) 2010.03.02 Summer pudding--see: pudding Sunday dinner--see: dinner Sunflowers 2004.12.07 sunflower seeds (Native Americans) [2] 2004.12.07 Sung Choi Bao (SDoong Choy Bao) 2007.09.24 Sunomono--see: salad Supangle [Turkish dessert] 2010.06.25 Super Bowl foods [2] 2004.01.25 Supersized meals--see: food portions Surf & turf [2] 2004.04.02 Surimi (imitation crab)--see: crab Survival crackers--see: crackers Sushi [5] 2008.04.10 (added to FAQ) Swallow's nest--see: bird's nest Swange 2009.01.22 Swankyswig--see: cheese, cheese in a jar (Kraft glasses) Swans 2004.11.10 Swastika biscuits--see: cookies Swedes--see: rutabagas Swedish chocolate bombes Swedish fish--see: candy Swedish flop coffee cake--see: cakes Swedish meatballs--see: meatballs Swedish pancakes--see: pancakes Sweet and savory dishes (origins, dispersion) 2006.06.03 Sweet and sour pork [3] FAQ Sweet cream--see: cream Sweet potatoes FAQ & Kings (Henry VIII) 2004.02.19 & Polynesia (kumara) [2] 2004.09.25 & Tang--see: Tang China & Japan (introduction) 2014.02.11 FAQ "fun facts" 2010.05.11 sweet potato biscuits--see: biscuits sweet potato pie--see: pie sweet potato pone 2006.11.21 tempura style 2014.02.11 vs yams FAQ Sweetbreads [7] 2003.12.15 Sweetmeats--see: candy Swiss chard 2005.07.31 Swiss Colony (mail order food catalog) 2011.01.26 Swiss lorraine--see: cheese Swiss Miss Cocoa--see: chocolate Swiss Nuts--see: cookies Swiss picnic--see: picnics Swiss rolls--see: cakes Swiss steak--see: steak Switchel 2004.03.18 Syllabub [4] 2004.09.29 FAQ Syrups Pancake Syrup (imitation maple, artificial maple, blended) 2009.09.03 FAQ Symbolism of foods (sources) [2] 2004.03.19 see also: aphrodesiacs T-bone steaks 2003.12.25 Tabahajah 2003.10.13 Table D'hote--see: menus Table manners--see: etiquette Table settings, USA 2008.09.23 Table water crackers--see: crackers Tablecloths 2007.07.28 Tablet--see: candies-tablet Taboos (religion & food)--see: religion and food Tabouleh--see: salads Taco salad--see: salad Taco soup--see:soups Taco trucks [Pacific Northwest] 2009.02.23 Tacos [25] FAQ Tacos in Chicago 2008.06.07 Tad's Steak House--see: restaurants Taffety cream 2013.06.06 Taffy--see: candy Taffy apple salad--see: salad Tagine [5] 2004.04 (Morocco foods) Tahini [3] 2003.11.26 Tailgating 2005.11.13 FAQ Taillage (French knife skills) 2015.01.15 Taino/Arawak subsistence 2003.10.18 Takeout food (U.S.) origins 2005.03.01 Chinese & Italian (includes notes on packaging) 2005.05.13 Tall food (aka stacked food, vertical food) 2013.11.22 FAQ market trends & stats 2003.05.04 Tamales & Tamale pie [3] FAQ Christmas tamales 2009.11.03 Tamarindo--see: candy Tandoor tandoori [3] 2004.03.31 Tang [canned processed meat product, like SPAM] 2011.07.18 Tang [orange drink mix] [5] FAQ Tang candied sweet potatoes 2010.11.25 Tannin 2003.08.07 Tante Marie (cookbook author) 2006.04.25 FAQ Tapas--see: appetizers Tapenade (tapenado) [4] 2005.07.28 FAQ Tapicoa--see: pudding Taquitos [7] 2003.04.11 Tarallucci--see: cookies Taro 2005.07.25 FAQ Tarragon 2009.01.02 Tart tatin [3] 2002.01.22 FAQ Tartar sauce--see: sauce Tarts--see:pies Tasse a glace--see: ice cream Taste buds (infant development) 2008.03.27 Taster's Choice--see: coffee Tasti Fries--see: potatoes-French Fries Tasting menus--see: menus Tater tots--see: potatoes Tatu & cartocci (Sicilian Day of the Dead) 2003.06.14 Taurine 2002.12.13 Taylor ham & pork roll--see: pork Taylor's Meat Pies & Taylor's Bean Pie (NJ) [2] 2010.11.21 Tchav--see: soup Tea (plant) [3] 2004.08.03 Alcohol served at tea service? 2013.12.07 Beverage 2014.06.11 Billy tea, Australia, Ballarat 1850s 2011.08.28 Breafast tea--see: breakfast Brick tea vs loose tea 2010.02.28 Civil War era trade 2009.08.16 Colonial American customs 2006.11.29 Earl Grey 2003.01.21 European introduction 2013.08.29 Iced tea 2001.12.05 FAQ Iced tea punch (with lemon) 2012.07.21 (paper only) Long Island Iced Tea 2001.06.12 Nestea Cool (snowman ad) 2014.01.09 John Muir's preferences 2011.02.03 Liberty tea 2010.03.08 FAQ Maxwell House 2003.02.02 Nanny's tea 2006.02.16 Prices, UK (Use Times/London historic database for target year) Russian 2006.10.15 Social traditions (afternoon tea, low tea, high tea, meat tea) [8] 2004.01.10 FAQ (teatime.html) Tea bags 2014.05.10 FAQ Tea kettles 2013.05.26 Tea leaves (how to keep from entering guest cups) 2014.05.09 Tea cakes--see cookies Tea eggs--see: eggs Tecuitlatl--see: algae Teething biscuits--see: baby food Telephone cake--see: cake Televisions in restaurants--see: restaurants "Tell me what you eat and I will tell you who you are" (Brillat-Savarin) 2013.01.11 TEMT (canned luncheon meat, like SPAM) 2007.04.05 Temperance beverage advertisments (early) 2011.06.22 (paper only) TempTaste (frozen meat product) 2005.10.24 Tempura [4] FAQ Ten Below--see: ice cream Tenement food 2002.12.04 Tennessee tea cakes--see: cookies-tea cakes Tennis sets (tea cups with oblong saucers) 2012.06.11 (not found) Tequila 2009.02.01 FAQ Teriyaki [2] FAQ Terrine 2004.02.24 fruit terrine 2003.08.02 Test kitchens--see: kitchens Tetrazzini (chicken/turkey) 2003.06.19 FAQ Texas burgers--see: hamburgers Texas caviar 2010.06.21 Texas sheet cake--see: cake Thai restaurants--see: restaurants Thailand--see: countries-Thailand Thanksgiving First & menus FAQ George Washington/Philadelphia/1789 (no menu exists per Mt. Vernon) 2010.10.06 Ham? see: ham Theater concessions [2] 2003.04.18 Thentuk--see:soups Theodora--see: sauces Thermopliums (Ancient Rome)--see: restaurants Thermos 2008.03.23 Thickeners (starches) 2010.06.30 Thimble cookies--see: cookies-thumbprint Thin Mints/Girl Scout--see: cookies Thirteen desserts/Treize desserts (Provence) 2002.12.23 30 Below (soda) 2005.02.26 Thomas' English muffin see: muffins-English Thousand Island dressing--see: salad dressing Thousand Layer Buns--see: bread Thousand year eggs--see: eggs Three bean salad--see: salads Three milk cake--see: cakes-Tres Leches Three parts dressed mid-19th century, describing "doneness" 2013.06.01 Thumbprint--see: cookies Thyme 2007.09.12 Tic tacs 2000.10.25 Tid-Bit crackers--see: crackers Tiger's Milk 2001.12.31 Tights (southern menu item) 2005.03.22 Timbale 2009.05.20 Tin roof sundae--see: ice cream Tinola [tinolang manok] Fililpino dish 2006.02.02 Tips (gratuities) 2004.01.12 Tipsy Parson (aka Tipsy Cake)--see: cakes Tiramisu [13] FAQ To Kill a Mockingbird--see: literature and food Toad in the hole [7] FAQ Toast see: bread Toast-R-Cakes (Thomas brand) 2009.06.28 Toaster ovens 2011.05.05 Toaster Strudel (Pillsbury) 2009.10.31 Toasting 2005.11.07 Tobacco candy--see: candy Toddle House restaurant 2009.01.15 Toffee--see also: ice cream-hokey pokey 2002.05.05 Toffee--see: candy Toffee apples--see: candy Toffee pudding--see: pudding Tofu [6] 2004.01 Stinky tofu 2006.09.22 Tolkein, JRR--Middle Earth food 2004.01.11 Tom & Jerry--see: alcoholic beverages Tom Thumb bars--see: cookies Tomatoes [4] FAQ 2003.09.05 China (introduction & use) 2010.02.13 Colonial America 2005.11.16 Creole 2004.04.11 First eaten? 2003.11.14 Fried green tomatoes & green tomato pie [6] 2004.02.02 Fruit or vegetable? 2003.10.03 grape tomatoes 2003.07.23 heirloom tomatoes--see: heirloom vegetables ice cream (Benjamin Franklin connection?) not found (consulted ASmith) mandrake & tomatoes (connection) 2007.16.07 ketchup--see: ketchup Lousiana Creole/Cajun 2012.10.22 Maryland caramel tomatoes (Hoover favorite) 2010.02.17 Michigan 2003.09.15 preservation technques 2004.08.08 Provencale 2005.04.22 roasted tomatoes 2008.07.10 Russia (introduction) 2009.11.20 stuffed tomatoes 2012.05.11 tomato jam 1999.04.26 tomato juice 2011.07.31 tomato juice insert (depression glassware) see: icer bowl tomato pie--see: pizza, tomato pie tomato sauce--see: sauce tomato soup--see: soup tomato soy 2012.09.02 tomato surprise 2012.08.18 Tongue (cow or beef) [2] 2006.03.08 Tongue toast (tongue biscuits, ham toast) 2007.03.09 Toothpicks (party, frills) 2012.02.17 Tootlach 2007.04.10 Tootsie rolls--see: candy 2001.04.01 Top's Drive In--see: restaurants Topic--see: milk Torrejas 2004.11.21 Tortas de aceite--see: cookies Tortellini--see: pasta Tortes--see: cakes Tortilla soup--see: soup-taco soup Tortillas 2004.02.23 Tortillas (flour, when first sold in USA supermarkets) [2] 2007.07.02 Tortillas introduced to Los Angeles County 2010.06.27 Tossed salad--see: salad Tostadas [4] 2003.11.12 Toulouse-Lautrec, Henri--see:famous people Tourism & accomodation industry history 2002.06.17 Tourists ( & iced tourists)--see: cookies Tourner (prep method) [2] 2003.11.03 Tournedos Rossini--see: beef Tourtiere--see: pies Tracklements (sweet & savory holiday condiments, Dorothy Hartley) 2013.08.29 Trademarks, food (first) 2008.01.20 Trader Vic's--see: restaurants Trail mix & GORP [5] FAQ Tennessee, 19th century 2004.09.27 Trap pies--see: pies Treacle--see: sugar Treats (candies)--see: candy Trefoils--see: cookies-Girl Scout Treize desserts/Thirteen desserts (Provence) 2002.12.23 Trenchers, bread--see: bread Trends in food--see: food trends Tres leches cake--see: cake Trid (Morocco)--see: pies-bastila Trifle, English---see English trifle Tri-tip steak (aka triangle tip)--see: steaks Trois Freres Provencaux (Paris restaurant)--see: restaurants Trotters--see: pork Tru-ade (non carbonated soft drink) 2008.04.18 Trudeau, Edward--see: Tuberculosis True Blue Sandwich Cookies (Sunshine)--see: cookies Truffles (chocolate)--see:candy: chocolate Truffles (fungi)--see: mushrooms Truit au bleu 2003.10.11 Tschirky, Oscar--how to pronounce surname 2007.10.09 Tuberculosis (aka consumption) diet, Saranac Lake NY 2011.04.04 Tuna (canned, packed in water) [2]: brine & spring 2003.03.10 Chicken of the Sea (mermaid) 2006.01.17 Tuna casserole--see: casseroles Tuna hot dogs (Friday Franks, Tunies, Sea Dogs, Fish Dogs) [2] 2003.07.20 Tuna melts--see:sandwiches Tuna noodle casserole--see: casseroles Tuna salad--see: salad Tuna steaks--see:fish Tuna Twist (packaged spices) 2009.01.27 Turducken [4] 2004.01.18 Tureen--see: terrine Turkey [7] 2004.03.01 19th century preservation methods--see: preservation of food Burgers 2003.08.20 Butterball brand 2008.08.08 Cajun deep fried [5] 2003.11.23 Cajun deep fried wings 2003.07.26 industry stats: sales & consumption 2008.11.07 Tetrazzini--see: Tettrazzini Turkey and cranberry (combination) 2005.01.17 Turkey bacon 2010.09.20 Turkey ham 2008.12.26 Turkish delights--see: candy Turmeric 2011.12.30 amount in 5 & 10 cent packages, 1900 2011.11.08 Turnip greens--see: greens Turnovers FAQ (pies, portable) Turtle soup--see: soup Turtles, chocolate--see:candy Turtles, sea 2004.03.21 Tutove (textured rolling pin for French pastry) 2010.01.28 Twice baked potatoes--see: potatoes Twilight Desserts--see: cookies Twiglets--see: crackers Twinkies 2011.03.14 Typography on food (putting words on/in manufactured foods) 2005.11.12 Tzatziki sauce--see: sauces "U" foods (start with this letter) [2] 2004.05.20 FAQ ulluco (Peruvian tuber) 2013.09.14 Umami--see: monosodium glutamate Undergroud Railroad foods--see: Countries, United States, African-American Uneeda--see: crackers Uniforms, chef's--see: chefs-chef wear Union Soda Water Company [St. Louis, MO] 2007.07.15 U.S. Army cooking schools--see: schools, cooking United States Biscuit Company 2013.10.30 U.S. Food and Drug Administration 2003.07.31 Unsalted butter--see: butter Unsweetened chocolate--see: chocolate Up-To-Date Candy Manufacturing Company--see: candy Urban farming--see: Agriculture Urner Barry's Fresh Farm Salmon Index--see: food prices, salmon Utah & Idaho Sugar Company--see: sugar Utah scones--see: bread, scones Utensils--see also: silverware Native American cooking & eating (Iroquois) 2004.11.13 Skimmers (slotted spoons) 2005.01.06 Uzvar (Ukranian/Polics/Russian dried fruit compote) 2008.11.26 Vacuum Foods Corporation--see: orange juice-Minute Maid Vada (India) 2005.05.14 Vala's Ice Cream (company)--see: ice cream Valentine's menus 2003.11.09 Value meals--see:food prices-fast food Van Camp Packing Co. 2003.03.29 Vandal/Barbarian foods--see: Barbarians Vanilla [3] 2009.03.25 FAQ Molina-purchasing 2002.06.20 Vanilla beans 19th cenutry 2011.09.07 Vanilla chocolate/white chocolate--see: candy Vanilla extract & imitation vanilla [2] 2009.03.25 Vanilla sugar--see: sugar Vanilla wafers (Nabisco)--see: cookies Vanomel 2004.06.11 Vasilopita--see:bread Vaughn, Kate Brew--64 items in Proquest historic papers, incl. obit. Best article=3.24.31/Atlanta Constitution Veal 2003.10.05 Veal birds see: paupiettes Veal cutlets (first) 2007.01.23 Veal emince 2003.05.21 Veal Oscar [6] 2004.12.01 Veal parmesean 2004.02.23 FAQ (chicken parm) Veal Swiss Pavilion (gourmet recipe, 1960s, not found) 2011.08.03 Weiner Schnitzel FAQ White veal 2008.12.29 Vegan recipes 2002.03.20 Vegemite 2006.01.24 Vegetable oil--see: oil Vegetables burgers 2003.08.20 canned--how long can they last? 2002.10.12 colonial American 2003.05.07 cultivated 2003.03.24 desiccated 2002.04.24 Vegetarianism [4] 2005.08.25 Veloute--see:sauces Velveeta--see: cheese Vending machines 2007.10.19 FAQ school cafeterias 2011.04.29 (added to FAQ) Venetian breakfast--see: breakfast Venison 2012.12.04 FAQ Venison stew--see: stew Verjus (verjuice) [3] 2002.03.01 Vermaticies 2011.09.24 Vermicelli--see: pasta-vermicelli Vermont common crackers--see: crackers Versailles--see: Countries-France Vesuvio--see: chicken Vicysoisse--see: soup Victorian food [2] 2000.12.14 Dollhouse items (pantry, kitchen) 2008.06.06 Victory cake (Sunmaid)--see: cake Victory gardens (veggies & herbs) 2006.04.03 Victory sandwich--see: sandwiches Victuals (aka vittles) 2012.03.08 Videos--culinary history 2004.03.17 Vienna sausage (weinerwurst) 2004.01.27 Vietnamese restaurants--see: restaurants Vietnamese summer rolls 2003.06.30 Vin Mariani (patent medicine) 2008.05.05 Vinaigrette--see: French dressing Vinartarta (Iceland cake dessert) --see: cakes Vindaloo (Indian dish) 2014.03.05 Vinegar [3] 2003.08.16 FAQ Balsamic [2] 2003.12.06 Candy--see: candy Dumplings--see: dumplings Pie--see: pies Wine [Orleans method] [2] 2004.07.02 Violets--see: flowers Virginia Dare (foods, extracts, wine company) 2010.11.07 Visigoths--see: 4th century Visigoths Vitamins 2003.01.18 Vitamin D (discovery) 2010.04.20 Vitamin D (foods containing) 2005.04.22 Vittles--see: victuals Vivonex (crystalline aminoacids & NASA) 2014.02.12 Vodka sauce--see: sauces Vol-au-vent [3] 2006.01.31 Vol-Tex (voltex) 2010.07.13 Vollmer-Clearwater Co. (Idaho) recipes 2003.06.17 Voodoo (Vodun)--see: religion Voyageurs food [2] 2003.03.07 "XYZ" foods (start with these letters) [8] FAQ Wacky cake--see: cake Wade, David--see: chefs Wafers--see: cookies, sugar wafers see also: communion wafers Waiters--"Hi my name is...I'll be your server" who said? 2003.06.24 Waldorf Astoria menus (1920s & 1930s) 2009.01.04 Waldorf crown salad--see: salads Waldorf salad--see: salads Waffles [29] FAQ Belgian [4] 2004.01.02 box mixes 2005.09.04 Chicago, street vendor recipe 2006.01.06 Waffle irons-antique (purchase) 2001.09.01 Waffle irons-commerical (purchase) 2000.12.16 Waffle irons-history 2002.05.12 Waffle irons, 18th century America (shape) 2013.03.10 Waiters--see: restaurants Wakefield, Ruth (bio/archives) [2] 2005.10.31 Walnuts--see: nuts War [wor] wonton soup--see: soup Wardons (wardens, wardyns)--see: pears Washington, George--see: presidents Wassail--see: alcoholic beverages Water--see also: ice bottled 1999.08.25 charged 2002.01.30 Evian 2007.03.14 lemon slices served in water 2011.07.12 (restaurant FAQ) mineral 2004.09.07 Perrier 2011.05.26 & 2011.6.9 pioneer-era filtering techniques 2011.12.28 table water served before meal (etiquette, tradition, practice) [4] 2006.10.18 FAQ Water ice--see: Ice cream Watercress [2] 2003.11.04 FAQ Watergate cake--see: cake (pistachio) Watergate salad (pistachio salad)--see: salad Waterglassing eggs--see: eggs Waterless cooking (Club Aluminum) 2009.04.22 Watermelon [2] 2006.09.20 early 19th century, Philadelphia, popularity & recipe 2013.06.04 Watermelon cake--see: cake Wax beans--see: beans Wax sugar--see: candy--snow candy Weary Willie cake--see: cakes Wecker, Anna [first woman cookbook author, aka weckerin] 2012.10.01 Wedding cake--see: cake Cost (1881-1914) 2005.03.08 Mexican--see: cookies Wedding feasts Colonial American--see: Countries, United States, Colonial America Lithuania--see: Countries, Lithuania Mexico--see: Countries, Mexico Weiner schnitzel [4] FAQ Holstein schnitzel (with fried egg) FAQ Weird food (from other cultures) 2005.01.20 Wellington--see: beef, chicken Welsh cakes & Light Welsh cakes [3] 2005.09.22 Welsh rabbit (Welsh rarebit) 2007.08.25 (FAQ) Werther's Original--see: candy West Africa, Middle Ages--see: 900-1450 West Africa West Virginia foods--see: Countries, U.S. Western sandwich--see: sandwiches Wet dog cake--see: cakes Wet fries--see: potatoes-gravy fries Whale--see: ice cream, whale oil Whammy bars, Good Humor--see: food prices, ice cream Wheat [4] 2004.07.14 ADDED TO FAQ Bulgur wheat [cracked wheat or burghul wheat] 2005.07.19 see also: tabouleh Wheat rationing USA WWII 2011.09.14 Wheat meat--see: seitan Wheat Flour Institute--see: sandwiches-National Sandwich Month Wheatgrass & wheat sprouts [2] 2004.07.09 Wheaties Tingalings--see: cookies Whip'n Chill--see: pudding Whipped cream [2] 2001.01.18 Spanked Cream 2011.05.30 Whiskey--see: spirits White cake--see: cake White chocolate--see: chocolate 2002.11.04 FAQ White Christmas slice--see: cookies White flour vs whole wheat--see: flour White Horse Tavern (Newport RI)--see: 17th century Rhode Island White House cherry--see: cakes White House Cook Book/Gillette 2002.09.24 White House Sandwich--see: sandwiches White rice--see: rice White sapote (aka Aztec fruit) 2008.05.22 White Trash--see: cake White veal--see: veal Whole wheat bread--see: bread FAQs Whole wheat pasta--see: pasta Whoopie pie--see: FAQ Wiggle--se: shrimp Wild boar Boar's head-Christmas 2006.11.19 FAQ Wild rice--see: rice Wild Rose Pastry Flour--see: flour Wilson's Ham Salad--see: salads, ham salad Wilted lettuce--see: salads Windsor Supreme Canadian whiskey--see: spirits Wine [2] 2000.05.18 Chateau Domecq 1995 2004.10.16 cooking with wine 2013.02.07 Dry [denoting devoid of sugar] 2006.02.05 Garage wine (garagistes, vins de garage) 2008.06.25 Napa Valley, CA 2003.06.12 red & fish (why bad) 2003.08.07 Sangria 2005.12.10 FAQ Spain 2003.06.13 Stone (from song: "When Johnny Comes Marching Home") 2004.02.11 wine & food pairing (origin) 2008.04.10 wine bottles (sizes & shapes) 2012.04.05 FAQ wine cake--see: cakes Wine-Dip Soda 2005.02.01 Winter bread--see: bread Winter wheat--see: bread--winter bread Wok cookery [5] FAQ Wojapi (aka wojape)(Eastern Woodlands berry pudding recipe) [2] 2004.10.22 Women & cooking 2001.01.14 Wonder Bread--see: bread Wonders--see: doughnuts Wontons [3] FAQ Wood House cake--see: cakes Wood salad bowls--see: salads Woodford pudding--see: cakes-jam cake Woodland Indians--see: Mohawk Indians Worcester Crackers--see: crackers Worcestershire sauce--see: sauces World War I soldier food 2003.10.07 World's Fair food (includes 1876, 1893, 1904) 2006.05.17 FAQ 1889 Exposition Universelle (Paris) [2] 2009.07.04 FAQ 1900 Exposition Universelle (Paris) 2011.06.14 FAQ Writing about food--see: food journalism Yakitori FAQ Yacon (aka llackhum or leafcup, Andes tuber) 2010.06.17 Yams (aka name, iname) African 2001.03.09 Candied 2006.05.16 Name blanco 2006.11.06 vs. sweet potatoes--see: sweet potatoes Yankee Doodle cupcakes (Drakes) 2000.02.05 Yeast [2] 2003.10.08 FAQ (basics) ale yeast (barm) modern equivalent measures 2011.09.26 ancient Greece 2013.03.01 Australia/New Zealand, types available 1909? 2008.11.24 baking & brewing [2] 2003.09.16 cake vs dehydrated 2003.04.01 Cornell rising 2008.03.01 Maca (Northwestern Yeast Company, Chicago) 2006.01.12 pizza dough 2003.07.09 potato yeast--see: potatoes size of product 2009.09.91 Torula 2007.05.20 Yellowman (yallaman)--see: Candy-Irish Yes Yes--see: cookies Yogurt [6] FAQ Amasi (South African Zulu fermented milk) 2012.04.20 Frozen 2006.01.03 (See notes for NYT articles) Greek yogurt (modern introduction--source material for market study) 2013.09.10 Labeneh (laban, leban) 2006.06.14 Pastry (use of yogurt) 2007.09.29 Spain (introduction) 2007.05.31 York cabbage--see: cabbage York Peppermint Patty (York Peppermint Pattie) see: candy Yorkshire pudding--see: puddings Young chowe (yeung chow) 2006.12.14 Yrchouns (hedgehogs made from ground meat) 2004.10.10 Yuca--see: cassava Yum yum cake--see: cake Yum yums--see: cookies Yummy muffins (4-H) see: muffins Zabaglione (aka Zabaione, Sabayon) [2] 2004.10.11 Zapote (Sapota, Sapodilla) 2002.10.08 Zarex (fruit juice concentrate, 19650s-1960s) Zelayeta, Elena (blind cookbook author, Mexican cuisine) 2008.04.30 Zephyr extract 2005.03.29 Zeppole--see: doughnuts Zest 2006.10.02 Zingara (a la zingara & zingara sauce) 2007.10.27 Zip-A-Dee dip mix--see: dips Zippity dip mix--see: dips Ziploc bags 2000.12.10 Ziti--see: pasta Zoo animals as food (Seige of Paris 1870-1871) [2] 2007.08.01 Zopf--see: bread Zucchini 2006.11.05 FAQ calabacita (zucchini stew) 2014.08.27 Zucchini bread--see: cakes Zubrimbli (Maltese) 2007.10.27 (not found, not recorded...paper copy retained in case we identify) Zuppa Inglese--see: English trifle Zur (aka zurek) (sourgrain starter for Polish soups) 2007.08.21 Zweiback (twice baked biscuit, like Rusk) 2004.10.16 added to biscotti FAQ Zweiback (Mennonite bread) 2007.03.28 Zweiback tort 2005.02.09 Research notes compiled by Lynne Olver (IACP) editor The Food Timeline http://www.foodtimelne.org/questions.txt